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Bigfoot Ice Chopper

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Yes, it takes a little manual effort, but the Bigfoot Ice Chopper does the hard work for you. Made from heavy-duty, cold-rolled steel, it has a sharp reinforced edge to break through thick ice and a cushioned grip to absorb impact. This isn’t your average snow shovel—it’s built to break up ice and packed snow fast. Best of all, you’ll never have to worry about running out of ice to melt again. But don’t wait–this deal won’t last! 

More Great Ice-Removing Products We Love 

While the Bigfoot Ice Chopper is the best deal we’ve seen, you may be able to purchase other ice-breaking tools online and pick them up locally. It’s a good idea to have an ice-removal option ready before the next storm hits. Here are some of our favorite picks.

Craftsman 48-inch L Forged Ice Scraper available at Lowe’s for $34.98

This ice scraper has a wood handle and a cushioned, non-slip grip. It’s suitable for clearing packed snow and ice from walkways with its 7-inch forged steel blade.  

Husky 47-inch Carbon Steel Ice Scraper available at The Home Depot for $38.22

The Husky ice scraper’s tempered steel blade features an electrostatic powder coating for durability. It also has a varnished hardwood handle and a soft grip for maximum comfort.

Snow Joe Impact-Reducing Steel Ice Chopper available at The Home Depot for $30.26

The Snow Joe ice breaker has an internal spring-loaded mechanism that makes using it more comfortable. It also has a D-shape handle, similar to those found on traditional snow shovels, for the best grip. 

Garant Nordic 54-inch L Steel Sidewalk Scraper available at Ace Hardware for $18.99

This sidewalk scraper is just right for slipping under packed ice and snow and forcing it up and off. We love that it’s priced under $20! 

Cub Cadet 28-inch 3-Stage Gas Snow Blower available at Tractor Supply for $1,799.99

We’ve tested many snow blowers, but if you’re looking for one powerful enough to chop ice and packed snow, you’ll need a 3-stage model. This Cub Cadet isn’t cheap, but if you’re looking for a machine that will do all the work for you–this is the one. 

Our Tested Guides and Reviews

If you’re still looking for ways to keep your sidewalks, steps, and driveways safe and clear during the winter, check out our tested guides and reviews for tips and product recommendations. 

• The Best Snow Blowers
• The Best Snow Shovels
• The Best Electric Snow Shovels 

The post Ice Melt is Sold Out Everywhere—But Here’s the Solution, and it’s on Sale appeared first on Bob Vila.

Get to know your yard drainage options.

The following article is paid advertising created in partnership with SupplyHouse. Its facts and opinions are those of BobVila.com.

In an effort to reduce the flooding that follows rainstorms, today’s subdivisions are designed to direct runoff toward easements and curbs so water safely heads to the community’s stormwater drainage system.

Unfortunately, that’s not always enough to prevent your property from looking a bit swampy after a storm. If, for example, your yard doesn’t have enough slope to allow rainwater to run off, you could end up with standing water that kills your grass, leaks through your home’s foundation, and even creates a perfect environment for mosquitoes to breed. Obviously, it’s a good idea to address drainage problems sooner rather than later.

If portions of your yard hold water every time it rains, first try contacting your local zoning and planning authority. They may be able to help fix the drainage issue at no cost to you.

It may turn out that the problem isn’t in their jurisdiction, but don’t panic. Homeowners can take measures to alleviate localized flooding. Daniel O’Brian, technical expert for SupplyHouse.com, shared the following drainage and landscaping techniques for reducing flooding and directing water where it’s supposed to go—away from your house.

Divert water underground.

During a rainstorm, the torrents of water that rush through the gutters and out the downspouts can contribute to flooding if they can’t easily run off your property. The problem may be low spots, or a single spot, in the yard that prevent these streams from running to the storm drain. If so, rainwater can be safely rerouted through a French drain, a perforated underground pipe that collects and directs surface water.

“French drains provide a relatively easy method of moving excess water from pooled areas to a curbside storm drain,” O’Brian says. Installation involves digging a trench from the low-lying area to the street and inserting a buried pipe into a bed of pea gravel within the trench. Flexible pipe (as opposed to rigid pipe) allows you to customize the configuration of the drain as needed to maneuver around tree roots or other permanent objects in the yard. Once the pipe is in place, it’s covered with pea gravel and then topped with soil and grass.

Improve the yard grade.

The slope of your yard determines where and how rainwater will drain, making it the single most important factor in preventing your yard from flooding. For efficient drainage, your yard should have a minimum slope of 2 percent away from your house—that’s a fall of two feet for every 100 linear feet of yard.

If your yard doesn’t have adequate slope, water can pool in various areas or even back up along the foundation of your house, where it can lead to leaks and serious foundation problems. You can improve the grade by spreading topsoil along the foundation and in low areas to facilitate drainage.

Clear water from flooded patios and walkways.

When a patio or sidewalk sits lower than the surrounding yard, it can end up covered in standing water after a rainstorm, and this water can take days to evaporate. Until then, those paved areas are unusable.

Raising the level of a patio or sidewalk is labor-intensive and often cost-prohibitive, but it’s not your only option. “Storm drain channels offer an increasingly popular means of eliminating standing water,” O’Brian shares. “Installed along sidewalks or patios, they direct water away from foot traffic.”

A product like Fernco’s StormDrain Plus Channel with Grate (available from SupplyHouse) should be installed along the lowest slope of the patio or sidewalk, where it can connect to a buried French drain (discussed above). When it rains, water that runs onto the patio will drain through the grate, into the channel, and through the French drain to an easement or the curb.

Protect your foundation.

Flooding near your home’s foundation can spell big trouble, especially if you have basement windows and window wells. Because they are located below ground level, these are prime spots for water to collect and inevitably leak into the home.

“Sump pumps—especially when equipped with a backup battery—can provide a fail-safe method for draining these window wells,” O’Brian says. Install a collection tank with a sump pump, such as the Zoeller Premium Cast Iron Submersible Sump Pump (available from SupplyHouse), directly beneath the window well. When the tank fills with water, the pump turns on and pumps the water out and away from the house.

Create a rain garden.

If low-lying areas of your yard are consistently under water after a storm, consider turning these swampy patches into attractive, all-natural solutions to your water trouble: rain gardens.

Typically, these plant beds fill depressions in the ground with porous soil and plants that thrive in standing water, such as ferns and Japanese silver grass.

A rain garden can be as big or as small as you need, or are willing to take on, to correct your runoff problems. For a yard with more than one area that floods, you can create multiple rain gardens, or you can opt to direct water from one low-lying area via a trench and a buried perforated pipe to a single rain garden.

Consider a dry well.

If your property experiences flooding that soaks into the ground relatively quickly (within one to four hours), your yard may be a good candidate for one or more dry wells.

Dry wells, like rain gardens, are positioned in low-lying areas to collect water, but instead of being used to grow plants, the excess water is held in buried tanks and then slowly released into the surrounding soil. The top of the tank features a grate through which water can enter and homeowners can inspect the water level below.

You may opt to install a dry well in the runoff path of each downspout. Alternatively, you can direct water to a dry well via a buried French drain and perforated pipe, such as the FLEX-Drain 4-inch by 12-foot Perforated Flexible Pipe (available from SupplyHouse).

The post 6 Smart Ways to Prevent a Soggy Yard with Every Rain Shower appeared first on Bob Vila.

In addition to the ones we tested, we’re featuring several additional PEX piping tools that we feel would be good picks for anyone working with PEX tubing. Keep reading to find out what to look for when shopping for tools for PEX plumbing, and find out how the following earned a spot on this lineup of the best PEX crimp tools.

1. BEST OVERALL: Iwiss iCrimp F1807 All-In-One Crimping Tool Kit
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2. RUNNER-UP: Plumbflex Crimper Tool Kit
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3. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Iwiss iCrimp CRP1096 PEX Cinch Tool Kit
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4. BEST MULTIPURPOSE: SharkBite PEX Crimp Tool
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5. BEST COMPACT: Iwiss iCrimp IWS-FAS PEX Copper Ring Crimp Tool Kit
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6. BEST MULTISIZE HEAD: Apollo PEX Multi-Head Crimp Tool Kit
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7. BEST FOR TIGHT SPACES: Iwiss iCrimp Angle Head F1807 PEX Crimp Tool Kit
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8. BEST PROFESSIONAL: Milwaukee M18 Press Tool Kit With PEX Crimp Jaws
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9. ALSO CONSIDER: Iwiss iCrimp IWS-C Angle PEX Crimping Tools
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Product Comparison

Our Top Picks

The best PEX crimp tools on the market are made with effectiveness, ergonomics, and ease of use in mind. Check out our list of the ones we tested plus some additional models we think look great.  

Best Overall

Iwiss iCrimp F1807 All-In-One Crimping Tool Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4.5/5; Performance 5/5; Durability 5/5; Value 5/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Crimps
• Length: 15.55 inches 
• Capacity: ⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch PEX pipes 

What We Like

• Accommodates PEX A, B, or C tubing types 
• PEX crimp removal tool and pipe cutter included 
• Includes a go/no-go gauge 
• Hard carrying case included

What We Don’t Like

• Hand strength needed to crimp 

If you’ll be installing a lot of PEX, this Iwiss iCrimp kit has everything you need in one place. The kit comes with a crimper; jaws for ⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch pipe; a PEX pipe cutter; and a crimp-removal tool. It also features a go/no-go gauge and a wrench for calibrating the crimper. We liked the way all the tools fit nicely into the included hard plastic carrying case for protection.

The Iwiss PEX crimping tool kit is easy to use. We were able to change jaws when we were crimping different sizes of tubing. The long handles make applying sufficient force for crimping relatively easy, but it still takes some hand strength to crimp the rings snugly. The included go/no-go gauge is a definite perk. 

After crimping a ring on a PEX fitting, we used the gauge to see if we’d crimped it accurately. The removal tool made it easy to cut through incorrectly fitting crimp rings, and the cutter was a nice bonus because it ensured flush tubing edges that fit smoothly against the shoulders of the copper fittings. This kit gives you everything you need to run PEX tubing. 

Get the Iwiss iCrimp F1807 all-in-one PEX crimp tool at Amazon.

Runner-up

Plumbflex Crimper Tool Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4.5/5; Performance 4.8/5; Durability 4.5/5; Value 5/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Clamps
• Length: 11 inches
• Capacity: ½- and ¾-inch PEX pipes

What We Like

• Works with cinch rings from different manufacturers
• Includes a high-quality cutter
• Comes with 50 clamps in both sizes
• Attached cinch rings securely in testing

What We Don’t Like

• Doesn’t come with a go/no-go tool
• Not suitable for ⅜- or 1-inch PEX

The Plumbflex PEX crimper is suitable for use with ½- and ¾-inch tubing, the most common sizes used in residential construction. This clamp-type tool performed flawlessly in our tests. We used it to attach stainless steel cinch clamps to both sizes of PEX tubing, and the fittings were snug and secure. Plus, it comes with 50 clamps of each size, so we had plenty to test with. 

It doesn’t come with a go/no-go tool, but you can pick one up for under $10 from any home improvement store. We used one of the go/no-go tools that came with another model we tested, and each clamp we applied was right on target.

One of the benefits of a PEX clamp tool (including this one) over a traditional crimp tool is the ability to reach into tight spots because there’s no need to spread the handles as far. We tried out the Plumbflex on a few cinch rings we had from a different manufacturer, and it worked just as well. 

Another perk is the PEX cutter that comes with the clamp tool. It cuts the tubing straight and flush so the edges fit smoothly against the shoulders of the brass crimp fittings. If you won’t be installing narrower ⅜-inch or larger 1-inch tubing, the Plumbflex is a quality pick. 

Get the Plumbflex PEX crimp tool at The Home Depot.

Best Bang For The Buck

Iwiss iCrimp CRP1096 PEX Cinch Tool Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4.5/5; Performance 4.5/5; Durability 4.5/5; Value 4.8/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Clamps 
• Length: 11.02 inches
• Capacity: ⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch PEX pipes 

What We Like

• Works with multiple sizes of PEX
• Comes with 30 cinch rings
• Compact size for working in tight spaces 
• Comes with good cutter

What We Don’t Like

• No storage case included
• Complicated removal function

If you’re looking for a budget-friendly tool for securing stainless steel cinch rings, look no further than the iCrimp PEX cinch tool. This clamp cincher works for any size PEX and comes with 30 clamps, so you can get started right away. It performed well in our tests, but it took a bit more hand strength to completely snug the cinch rings than the Plumbflex model. 

Still, it did a good job and comes with a top-notch PEX cutter. The only downside was that the removal feature of the tool didn’t work well for us. We followed the instructions for adjusting the tool from the clamping feature to the removal feature (which requires about five steps), and then we tried to cut the tabs, but all we got were smashed tabs. Maybe we didn’t do it right (that’s likely), but it seems like a complex process and simpler to just use a dedicated removal tool. 

One additional thing to note is that the iCrimp cinch tool cannot be calibrated. However, we found it well calibrated right out of the package, and it should be fine for completing most PEX plumbing projects. This tool lets you make high-quality connections at an affordable price point.

Get the Iwiss iCrimp CRP1096 PEX crimp tool at Amazon.

Best Multipurpose

SharkBite PEX Crimp Tool

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4.8/5; Performance 5/5; Durability 5/5; Value 4.8/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Crimps
• Length: 14.5 inches
• Capacity: ⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch PEX pipes 

What We Like

• Consistently made secure connections
• Easy-to-change jaws
• Go/no-go gauge included
• Mini hard case
• Ergonomic handles for comfort

What We Don’t Like

• Heavier than some at nearly 4 pounds
• Limited use in tight spots

We’re big fans of traditional push-to-connect SharkBite fittings, so we were excited to test the brand’s crimper tool and weren’t disappointed. At just under 4 pounds, the SharkBite crimper is one of the heavier PEX plumbing tools we tested, but it did a spectacular job of creating a secure connection each time. 

We tested it with stainless steel crimp rings, but it’s also designed to accommodate copper crimp rings. Changing jaws on the SharkBite was simple, and it comes with a go/no-go gauge so we could check each ring after crimping to ensure it was correct. It performed flawlessly. 

The SharkBite comes complete with a mini hard case that secures the gauge and the jaws, and it fits over the head of the PEX pipe crimping tool. We actually prefer this type of case because it doesn’t take up a lot of space in our tool box, and we can even slip it in a tool belt. The mini case protects the working parts of the tool and keeps the accessories secure. 

However, it doesn’t come with a removal tool and is not designed for use in restricted spots—its handles must be completely opened (nearly 180 degrees) to crimp a ring. However, it manages all standard PEX sizes, and the ergonomic handles reduce hand fatigue. 

Get the SharkBite PEX crimp tool at Lowe’s. 

More Great Options

While we didn’t personally test the following PEX plumbing crimpers, they were on our short list before we selected the ones we wanted to test—and they’re still among our top picks. 

Best Compact

Iwiss iCrimp IWS-FAS PEX Copper Ring Crimp Tool Kit

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Product Specs 

• Type: Crimps 
• Length: 12.2 inches 
• Capacity: ⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch PEX pipes

What We Like

• High-leverage design
• Multiple jaw sizes 
• PEX cutter and go/no-go gauge included 
• Comes in a hard plastic case

What We Don’t Like

• Shorter handle than comparable options 

We know it can be tough to find a compact PEX crimper that fits in a tool box but still provides the leverage required to seal off a PEX joint. But if you’re looking for just that kind of item, check out the Iwiss IWS-FAS PEX crimping tool. This crimper uses a high-leverage design that allows the user to apply enough pressure for a perfect seal despite its compact 12.2-inch design.

This PEX crimping kit is more than just an innovative tool. We like that it comes with the jaws required for crimping ⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch pipe, plus a PEX cutter, a go/no-go gauge, and a hard plastic case to carry it all. That’s a lot!

Get the Iwiss iCrimp IWS-FAS PEX crimp tool at Amazon or Walmart.

Best Multisize Head

Apollo PEX Multi-Head Crimp Tool Kit

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Product Specs 

• Type: Crimps 
• Length: 17 inches 
• Capacity: ⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch PEX pipes

What We Like

• 4 sets of jaws 
• Go/no-go gauge and wrench included 
• Plastic carrying case 

What We Don’t Like

• Big, heavy construction 

For a heavy-duty crimping tool that can tackle most PEX tubing plumbing projects, we think the Apollo PEX multihead crimp tool kit is worth a look. This tool kit comes with the crimper, four sets of jaws (⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch sizes), a go/no-go gauge, and a wrench for adjustments and calibration. The jaws swap out with two hex bolts, which the included wrench also fits.

The Apollo provides plenty of leverage for sealing off plumbing joints, good for creating up to 100 pounds of force. The components pack nicely into the plastic carrying case, keeping everything secure and in one place between projects. The only thing we would like it to include is a PEX cutter to make straight flush cuts.

Get the Apollo PEX crimp tool at Amazon, The Home Depot, or Walmart.

Best For Tight Spaces

Iwiss iCrimp Angle Head F1807 PEX Crimp Tool Kit

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Product Specs 

• Type: Crimps 
• Length: 13.7 inches 
• Capacity: ½- and ¾-inch PEX pipes 

What We Like

• Suitable for crimping tasks in tight spaces
• Tubing cutter and crimping rings included 
• Go/no-go gauge included
• Hard plastic carrying case

What We Don’t Like

• Shorter handles provide limited leverage 
• No PEX cutter included

One advantage that PEX fittings have over copper piping is that in-wall repairs in tight spaces are much easier and safer, but they can still be challenging to reach and crimp. This product’s unique offset-head design allows the user to get a grip on any ½- or ¾-inch crimp, even in hard-to-reach places. We think this would be optimal for renovations where the user is retrofitting the plumbing.

This kit’s crimper comes with built-in jaws for ½- and ¾-inch pipe, as well as a tubing cutter and several crimp rings. It also has a go/no-go gauge, alerting the user to calibration issues and potential leaks. All of this gear stores away in a hard plastic carrying case. While we didn’t test this model, we’re familiar with many Iwiss iCrimp PEX plumbing tools, and we’ve never had a problem with any of them. 

Get the Iwiss iCrimp angle head PEX crimp tool at Amazon.

Best Professional

Milwaukee M18 Press Tool Kit With PEX Crimp Jaws

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Product Specs 

• Type: Crimps 

• Length: 13.5 inches

• Capacity: ⅜-, ½-, ⅝-, ¾-, and 1-inch PEX pipes

What We Like

• Power PEX crimp tool
• Fast and precise alignment

• Green light to show cycle is complete

• Kit includes charger, 2 batteries, and case

What We Don’t Like

• Bulk makes it challenging to work in tight spaces
• Cutter, ⅜-inch, and ⅝-inch jaws are not included

We’re well aware that using a manual PEX crimp tool all day can result in hand pain. While we’ve never used a powered crimp tool, we think the technology is awesome and we’re looking forward to seeing more manufacturers implement it in the near future. 

Milwaukee’s powerful 18-volt press tool kit is the solution many professionals prefer. Spring-loaded jaws provide precise alignment for flawless fitting of all PEX crimp sizes. According to Milwaukee, this tool is 40 percent faster than powered rivals, with a full cycle taking just 3 seconds.

Optimized force means no calibration intervals interrupt work, and no calibration tool is required. A pre-press battery check ensures sufficient charge to complete the crimp successfully, and a green LED confirms this at the end of the cycle. However, there’s no cutter in the kit, and while three sets of jaws are included, the ⅜- and ⅝-inch versions cost extra.

Get the Milwaukee PEX crimp tool at The Home Depot or Amazon.

Also Consider

Iwiss iCrimp IWS-C Angle PEX Crimping Tools

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Product Specs 

• Type: Crimps 
• Length: 7.87 inches
• Capacity: ½- and ¾-inch PEX pipes

What We Like

• PEX cutter included with purchase
• Compact size for tight spaces
• Precalibrated design 

What We Don’t Like

• Short handle may be difficult for some users 

Occasionally, plumbing projects and repairs get so tight and restricted that they require scaled-down tools to get the job done. For projects like those, we like the iCrimp angle PEX crimp tool combo. This two-pack of PEX crimping tools features a ½-inch crimper and a ¾-inch model, plus a PEX tubing cutter, both sized to easily fit in a standard tool box. 

These PEX crimping tools can fit in some tight spots thanks to their compact size and diameter-dedicated jaws. Unlike many other crimp tools, both of these tools come from the factory precalibrated. If you’re looking at making water-supply line repairs or retrofits, we think this is a good pick for getting in those tight spots. 

Get the Iwiss iCrimp IWS-C angle PEX crimp tool at Amazon.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Chose and Tested the Best PEX Crimp Tools

Before selecting the tools we wanted to test, we chatted with Korey Gregory, superintendent at water damage specialists ASAP Restoration in Tempe, Arizona. He stresses that “ineffective PEX crimp tools don’t create a tight enough seal around the ring.” 

We then extensively researched and chose to test PEX crimp tools made for PEX A, B, or C with crimps or clamps to suit individual users’ preferences. We selected models for various PEX tubing sizes, including ⅜-, ½-, ¾-, and 1-inch sizes. Several of our picks come from Iwiss, a leading manufacturer of high-quality crimping tools. 

In actual testing, we used each tool to securely attach rings or clamps to PEX fittings. We swapped out the jaws (when applicable) and used the accessories that came with the tools to see how well they were made. We used go/no-go gauges to determine whether the crimping tools were securing the fasteners to the correct degree. 

During the tests, we awarded points based on a rubric. Afterward, we averaged the points to find our top pick and categorize the other models according to their best uses. 

What to Consider When Choosing a PEX Crimp Tool 

Gregory offers some additional sound advice: “One of the ways to ensure that you get a quality crimper is to choose ones with longer handles rather than shorter ones. Longer handles help to give you leverage when doing the actual crimping.” He adds, “If you are starting a plumbing business, have wrist problems, or just a huge number of PEX crimps to do, then a powered PEX crimper tool might be worth the investment.”

Types of PEX Crimp Tools 

PEX is a flexible tubing that can transport fresh water, hot water, radiant heating, and even sprinkler-system water, making it very popular in residential applications.

These plastic pipes all work the same way, and most of the same joints will apply for all three types. However, their makeup and characteristics vary. One thing to understand is that PEX A, B, and C do not indicate a grade or quality of PEX piping. Those designations simply designate the manufacturing process used to create the pipe. 

PEX A

PEX A is the most expensive type of PEX, and it has some desirable properties. For one, even though it comes in rolled coils, PEX A will hold its new shape when straightened, making it easier to install through wall cavities and floors. However, PEX A does have the potential to leach more production-related chemicals, like toluene and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), into the water supply. Also, it has a lower bursting pressure than PEX B. 

PEX B

PEX B can cost half as much as PEX A, and that price comes with some advantages and disadvantages. PEX B has a higher bursting pressure than PEX A, and chemical leaching from the pipe is considerably less likely. However, it doesn’t straighten well and it kinks relatively easily, which can make it a bit of a hassle to install.

PEX C

PEX C isn’t very common, and DIYers are unlikely to come across it. The manufacturing process used to create PEX C makes it relatively weak compared to PEX A and B. It’s also less resistant to oxidation, meaning PEX C will wear down through normal usage faster than A and B.

Crimps vs. Clamps

When shoppers are learning about PEX plumbing tools, a key point is that there are crimps and clamps. 

• Crimps may be stainless steel or copper crimp rings that slide over a joint, and the crimping tool squeezes the entire ring down onto the barbed fitting underneath. Copper crimps are burlier than clamps, but they’re more susceptible to corrosion. 
• Clamps are stainless steel bands with small tabs and locking holes. Clamping tools squeeze a tab that snugs the crimp fitting over the tubing. Stainless steel clamps are easier to install and less likely to corrode, but they’re also much thinner than copper crimps, so they may bend or separate more easily. 

Length

For putting strong pressure on a crimp, longer handles are better. The longer the tool’s handle, the more leverage the user can apply to the crimp or clamp, requiring less effort to create a perfect seal. Look for a pipe crimping tool at least 11 inches in length. Since longer-handled PEX piping tools can be slightly awkward, they might have more of a learning curve than shorter-handled ones. 

Clamps tend to be easier to secure and require less effort, so handle length isn’t as much of a priority. 

Weight 

Plumbers and electricians who use these tools regularly will want to look for options between 1 and 9 pounds; most options weigh under 4 pounds. However, heavyweight options may provide more crimping power than their lighter counterparts.

Pipe

Before picking a crimping or clamping tool, know what type of pipe it works for. While many types of clamping and crimping tools work for plumbing joints, not all of them work for PEX pipe.

Some tools work for both copper and PEX pipe, but they generally require additional jaws or PEX crimp fittings. Buying models with added features can get expensive quickly, but for those who do a lot of plumbing, it might be worth the investment to be able to perform multiple plumbing functions with a single tool. Switching a fitting on a clamping tool takes less time than sweating a copper joint with flux and solder.

Capacity

Don’t worry about choosing the PEX crimp tool that is the right size. Because PEX comes in only a few sizes—⅜, ½, ¾, ⅝ , and 1 inch—most clamping or crimping tools made for PEX will do. Swapping between those sizes is usually pretty straightforward. 

Electrical and plumbing crimping tools typically have 1-inch jaws that can crimp 1-inch pipe, but their kits come with smaller jaws for tackling smaller pipes. To clamp those smaller pipes, simply open the 1-inch jaws and slip the necessary-size clamping jaws inside. 

Clamping tools are often one size fits all. They slide over the knob on the clamp and squeeze it, and those knobs are relatively universal in size.

Gauge 

The point of any plumbing job is to avoid leaks. With PEX crimps, it can be difficult to tell by eye or feel if there’s a good seal. Some tools come with go/no-go gauges to help ensure each fitting is tightly sealed.

These gauges have U-shaped cutouts meant for specific pipe sizes. To use a go/no-go gauge, slide it over the joint. Check it from several angles. The gauge should slip over the crimp about halfway before stopping. If it slides over the crimp—or not at all—the joint may have problems when pressurized. 

Calibration

Over time, clamping and crimping tools can fall out of perfect calibration. Applying pressure many times throughout a plumbing project can stretch the jaws, in which case they’ll need a little tightening.

Most PEX crimp and clamp tools have adjustment screws, and they often come with the wrenches required to tighten them. Use these to tighten the tools back to the ideal settings. Many have adjustments on both jaws, allowing for calibrating to a perfectly round result. 

The gauge can also determine if the jaws are overtightened, which can just as easily lead to a leak. 

Removal Function

Many of the best PEX clamp tools have removal functions for separating clamps from the pipe. Don’t expect to reuse these clamps or crimps, though, as the removal process either cuts them or damages their integrity. However, the fitting underneath should be completely intact.

Removing crimps requires an entirely different tool with a blade for cutting through the crimp rings. 

FAQs 

Meet the Tester

Glenda Taylor is a product tester and writer specializing in the construction, remodeling, and real estate industries. 

Additional research provided by Tom Scalisi. 

The post The Best PEX Crimp Tools for Plumbing Projects, Tested appeared first on Bob Vila.

To help you select a good fertilizer for Bermuda grass, we spoke to an award-winning landscape contractor and international arborist about which types of fertilizers are best and how to apply them. Based on our research, our top pick is the Scotts Southern Turf Builder Lawn Food—a high-nitrogen fertilizer that enhances nutrient and water absorption. For the healthiest and best-looking lawn, we recommend you review all of our fertilizer recommendations before selecting one of the best fertilizers for Bermuda grass to meet your lawn’s needs.

1. BEST OVERALL: Scotts Southern Turf Builder Lawn Food
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2. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Miracle-Gro Water Soluble Lawn Food
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3. BEST ORGANIC: Jonathan Green Organic Lawn Food
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4. BEST LIQUID: Simple Lawn Solutions Energizer Micronutrient Blend
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5. BEST NITROGEN ONLY: Simple Lawn Solutions High Nitrogen Lawn Food
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6. BEST FAST-ACTING: Scotts Green Max Lawn Food
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7. BEST FOR NEW GRASS: Scotts Turf Builder Lawn Food
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Fertilizers for Bermuda Grass Comparison Chart

Our Top Picks

Without the proper fertilizer or weed and feed for Bermuda grass, your lawn may look sickly and sparse. Each of the following fertilizers provides the nutrients Bermuda lawns need, enhancing color uniformity and promoting a thick, dense turf. 

Best Overall

Scotts Southern Turf Builder Lawn Food

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What We Like

• Feeds for up to 8 weeks
• 3 sizes for various property needs 
• Helps lawns absorb water and nutrients

What We Don’t Like

• Can’t be used within 1 month of first frost

Specs

• NPK ratio: 32-0-10
• Quantity: 14.06, 28.12, or 42.18 pounds
• Coverage: 5,000, 10,000, or 15,000 square feet

The Scotts Southern Turf Builder lawn food is specifically designed for warm-season grasses like Bermuda grass. Its 32-0-10 NPK ratio provides an ample dose of nitrogen to promote lush, green growth while also supplying a good amount of potassium for enhanced drought and heat tolerance. Though this is our top pick for Bermuda lawn maintenance, it’s safe for use on all grass types and can also be applied while lawns are wet or dry. When used as directed, you can walk on it immediately after application, making it a smart choice for families and pet owners. 

This Bermuda grass care product uses Scotts’ All-in-One Particles technology to build strong, deep roots that can withstand challenging conditions. We also really like that it comes in three sizes yet only requires application every 6 to 8 weeks. Depending on the size of your yard, you may only need one bag. Though watering is not required after application, Scotts says light watering will help it act faster.

Get the Scotts Southern fertilizer for Bermuda grass at Lowe’s, The Home Depot, Walmart, or Scotts.

Best Bang for the Buck

Miracle-Gro Water Soluble Lawn Food

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What We Like

• Dissolves easily when used with a Garden Feeder
• Feeds up to 7,200 square feet of Bermuda grass
• Starts feeding instantly for quick results

What We Don’t Like

• Ideal application method requires additional purchase

Specs

• NPK ratio: 36-0-6
• Quantity: 5 pounds
• Coverage: 7,200 square feet

Miracle-Gro’s water-soluble lawn food is a fast-acting fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 36-0-6 designed to promote a lush lawn. Its high concentration of nitrogen plus added iron help grass develop a gorgeous green color within days of application. This Miracle-Gro fertilizer is safe for use on both warm- and cool-season grasses and is easy to apply with the aid of the brand’s hose-end garden feeder (sold separately)—simply fill the dispenser with the water-soluble granules, attach a garden hose, and spray the lawn in a uniform pattern. When applied in this way, a 5-pound container can feed lawns up to 7,200 square feet.

Miracle-Gro recommends using this product for Bermuda grass lawn care every 4 to 6 weeks during the growing season. The quick-release formula provides a rapid nutrient boost, making it ideal for lawns in poor condition. 

Get the Miracle-Gro fertilizer for Bermuda grass at Amazon, Ace Hardware, Walmart, or Miracle-Gro.

Best Organic

Jonathan Green Organic Lawn Food

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What We Like

• Safe to walk on immediately 
• Works for up to 10 weeks
• Overapplication doesn’t cause turf burn

What We Don’t Like

• Needs to be applied when lawn is dry and recently mowed

Specs

• NPK ratio: 10-0-1 
• Quantity: 17 or 51 pounds
• Coverage: 5,000 or 15,000 square feet

Jonathan Green’s organic lawn food is a granular fertilizer for Bermuda grass made from a mix of plant and animal proteins like feather meal, soybean meal, molasses, and wheat middlings. Its 10-0-1 NPK slow-release formula provides a steady delivery of nitrogen as well as supplemental iron to keep grass green and lush for up to 10 weeks. 

This organic fertilizer is safe for kids and pets to walk on immediately after application, and even when overapplied, it won’t burn your grass. It’s well suited to both cold- and warm-season grasses and can be used in spring, summer, or fall. For best results, the manufacturer suggests distributing it when grass is dry and has been recently mowed. It’s available in either a 17-pound bag covering up to 5,000 square feet or a 51-pound bag that feeds up to 15,000 square feet, making it easy to find the right fit for lawns of all sizes.

Get the Jonathan Green lawn fertilizer for Bermuda grass at Amazon, Walmart, or Johnathan Green. 

Best Liquid

Simple Lawn Solutions Energizer Micronutrient Blend

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What We Like

• Comes with a hose attachment
• Ideal for small to medium lawns
• Easy-to-use liquid solution

What We Don’t Like

• 1 bottle won’t be enough for large lawns

Specs

• NPK ratio: 6-0-0
• Quantity: 32 ounces
• Coverage: 3,200 square feet

The Simple Lawn Solutions lawn energizer has a simple 6-0-0 NPK ratio with added nutrients like sulfur, magnesium, and manganese. This formula helps improve soil composition and supports enzyme production, protein synthesis, and nutrient absorption for a healthy, thick lawn. It’s also enhanced with iron, helping grass produce chlorophyll to create an intensely green hue.

Since this is a liquid pick, its uptake into grass roots and blades is relatively quick, so you should notice results within days of application. Though we chose the 32-ounce size for inclusion in our list, this product is also available in 1- and 2.5-gallon containers—they just don’t come with the convenient spray applicator attached. Since this concentrated product must be diluted, it may be smart to buy the bottle with the applicator first and refill it with more budget-friendly bottles for subsequent use. The 32-ounce size will treat up to 3,200 square feet, while the 2.5-gallon jug covers up to 32,000 square feet. 

Get the Simple Lawn Solutions energizer fertilizer for Bermuda grass at Amazon or Simple Lawn Solutions.

Best Nitrogen Only

Simple Lawn Solutions High Nitrogen Lawn Food

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What We Like

• Uses a blend of quick- and slow-release nitrogen
• Comes in a ready-to-use sprayer and bigger jugs
• Can be used on all types of grass

What We Don’t Like

• Sprayer bottle has limited coverage

Specs

• NPK ratio: 28-0-0
• Quantity: 32 ounces
• Coverage: 3,200 square feet

If you want immediate greening and lasting results, Simple Lawn Solutions high-nitrogen lawn food is the pick for you. The concentrated liquid has a 28-0-0 NPK ratio with 70 percent quick-release and 30 percent slow-release nitrogen to get Bermuda grass lawns healthy and keep them that way. Like the other Simple Lawn Solutions product on this list, this one is available in a convenient 32-ounce hose-end dispenser jug for easy application over 3,200 square feet of lawn as well as larger bottles that don’t have the sprayer. 

This nitrogen-only product is particularly effective for treating nitrogen deficiencies and enhancing lawn thickness. It’s suitable for use on all types of grass and shows results within days. Still, the fact that it comes in a ready-to-spray bottle does bump up the price a bit, so you may want to buy larger refill bottles after your initial purchase to help bring the overall cost down. 

Get the Simple Lawn Solutions high-nitrogen fertilizer for Bermuda grass at Amazon, The Home Depot, or Simple Lawn Solutions.

Best Fast-Acting

Scotts Green Max Lawn Food

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What We Like

• Has added iron for enhanced greening
• Results in just 3 days; works for up to 8 weeks
• Also available in a ready-to-spray liquid formula

What We Don’t Like

• Can cause turf burn if overapplied

Specs

• NPK ratio: 27-0-2
• Quantity: 16.67 or 33.33 pounds
• Coverage: 5,000 or 10,000 square feet

Scotts Green Max lawn food is a dual-action fertilizer that delivers quick greening and thickening for Bermuda grass and all other lawn types. Its 27-0-2 NPK ratio formula also includes 5 percent iron for enhancing greening in just 3 days, and it can be applied in the spring, summer, or fall. You can spread it while grass is wet or dry and walk over it immediately after. 

Like all high-nitrogen fertilizers, this pick can cause burn grass if overapplied. For best results, Scotts recommends using it with a broadcast/rotary spreader on a setting of 3¼ to 3¾ or a drop spreader on 7 to 7½. A 16.67-pound bag is enough to cover up to 5,000 square feet, and it’s also available in 33.33-pound packages that feed up to 10,000 square feet.

Get the Scotts Green Max fertilizer for Bermuda grass at Amazon, Lowe’s, Tractor Supply Co., Ace Hardware, Walmart, or Scotts.

Best for New Grass

Scotts Turf Builder Lawn Food

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What We Like

• Safe for use when seeding
• Promotes root development to prevent future problems
• Compatible with any grass type

What We Don’t Like

• Some reports of increased weed growth

Specs

• NPK ratio: 32-0-4
• Quantity: 12.5 or 37.5 pounds
• Coverage: 5,000 or 15,000 square feet

This Turf Builder lawn food from Scotts is safe to use when seeding and helps build deep roots to encourage quick and vigorous growth. Its high nitrogen content is compatible with all grass types, aiding each in absorbing water and nutrients. By encouraging such strong growth, this pick protects your lawn against future problems.

This granular fertilizer comes in 12.5- and 37.5-pound bags for 5,000 or 15,000 square feet of coverage, respectively. It’s easy to apply using a spreader, and Scotts has setting instructions on the back of the bag. For quick results, the company recommends watering after application, though it’s not necessary. Scotts also says your lawn will look its best if you use this product every 6 to 8 weeks during the growing season. 

Get the Scotts Turf Builder fertilizer for Bermuda grass at Amazon, Lowe’s, Tractor Supply Co., Ace Hardware, The Home Depot, Walmart, or Scotts.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Chose the Best Fertilizers for Bermuda Grass

To gather our list of top picks for Bermuda grass fertilizer, we drew on our team’s lawn care experience and the advice of a landscaping expert. We identified the most important features to look for first and then found a variety of products that met those criteria. 

To ensure compatibility with Bermuda grass specifically, we prioritized fertilizers with high amounts of nitrogen, no phosphorus, and relatively low levels of potassium. We also considered ease of application, including frequency of suggested feedings, and looked for both liquid and granular options as well as synthetic and organic options. Lastly, we prioritized products that come in a range of sizes so shoppers with small and large lawns have plenty of excellent fertilizers to choose from. 

What to Consider When Choosing the Best Fertilizer for Bermuda Grass

Reviewing the following considerations prior to making your final fertilizer selection will help ensure you choose the right product for your needs. 

Fertilizer Types

Lawn fertilizers come in three main types: liquid, granular, and water-soluble. Each has its benefits and drawbacks.

• Liquid: This type of fertilizer gives Bermuda grass a quick burst of nutrients as the grass absorbs them directly through its foliage, which is the quickest way. However, due to their short-lived effects, they typically require more frequent applications. Liquid lawn fertilizers often come concentrated and require a garden-type pump sprayer or hose-end dispenser for application.
• Granular: Dry granular fertilizers come in tiny pebbles for application with push-type fertilizer spreaders. Some formulations dissolve slowly to release nutrients over time, though some contain a percentage of quick-release nutrients for faster results. Generally speaking, the overall effects of granular fertilizers last longer than those of liquid products, allowing for less frequent applications.
• Water-soluble: Water-soluble fertilizers are small, sand-like bits that dissolve quickly in water. They’re typically used with a hose-end dispenser so lawnkeepers can fertilize and water the grass simultaneously. Because water-soluble fertilizers generally require a hose for application, they’re best for smaller yards.

NPK Ratio 

Commercial lawn and yard fertilizers contain premeasured quantities of nitrogen (N), which stimulates leafy green growth; phosphorus (P), which plays a vital role in flower and fruit production; and potassium (K), which boosts overall plant health. These three nutrients are listed on the fertilizer package by weight. 

The best fertilizer for Bermuda grass will have an N-P-K ratio high in nitrogen with little or no phosphorus and a small amount of potassium. For example, an NPK ratio of 32-0-10 contains 32 percent nitrogen, no phosphorus, and 10 percent potassium. This is a great ratio for Bermuda grass. 

Organic vs. Synthetic 

Most lawn fertilizers contain synthetic ingredients, but the demand for organic fertilizers made of natural ingredients is increasing. 

• Organic: Natural lawn fertilizers contain various blends of nonchemical nutrients, such as poultry manure, compost, livestock manure, and earthworm castings. They often cost more because the ingredients require more work to collect, treat, and turn into fertilizer. Most organic lawn fertilizers come in granule form and don’t cause harm to plants or aquatic life if they drain into waterways.
• Synthetic: Formulated in a lab with chemicals or artificial versions of natural ingredients, synthetic fertilizers contain concentrated nutrients, such as potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Some brands contain other minerals, including calcium or boron, to increase soil health. Excess chemical runoff from synthetic fertilizers may harm fish if it gets into waterways and ponds.

Application

Many types of Bermuda grass require fertilizing only once or twice per growing season to reach their full potential, but some of the new hybrid forms of Bermuda grass, such as Midway, Tifway, or Tifgreen, benefit from more frequent applications. 

The first fertilizer application of the year should be after late spring or early summer once the grass is fully green. At this time, growers can apply an all-purpose lawn fertilizer with a high ratio of nitrogen according to the instructions on the package. If you intend to overseed with more Bermuda grass seed, wait 2 weeks after fertilizing. 

Depending on the product you’re using, you may need to apply a second round of fertilizer in midsummer and a third in the fall. You may want to use a lawn fertilizer containing a higher level of potassium for the fall application, as this will help with disease resistance and root strength for Bermuda grass in winter.

For the best long-term results, consider having the soil tested for deficiencies and add additional nutrients as needed. In most communities, growers can take soil samples to their local County Extension Agency for a comprehensive soil test and nutrient recommendations.

FAQs

Though you probably aren’t still asking, “What is Bermuda grass?” you may still have questions about fertilizing this type of grass. Read on for answers to the most commonly asked questions about the best fertilizers for Bermuda grass. 

The post Is Your Bermuda Grass Looking Patchy? Here’s the Best Fertilizer To Fix It appeared first on Bob Vila.

Those looking to establish a new zoysia lawn or boost the health of an existing one can often do so by applying lawn fertilizer. Our favorite fertilizer for zoysia grass is the Scotts Green Max Lawn Food for its easy-to-apply granular formula; NPK ratio of 27-0-2; and 10,000-square-foot coverage area. However, we found all the selected products on this list to be effective and reliable. 

Ahead, learn what type of fertilizer is desirable for use on a zoysia spread, and find out why the following lawn-food products are among the best fertilizers for zoysia grass.

1. BEST OVERALL: Scotts Green Max Lawn Food
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2. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Miracle-Gro Water Soluble Lawn Food
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3. BEST BALANCED FORMULA: Simple Lawn Solutions Advanced 16-4-8 Balanced NPK
   Jump to Review
4. BEST PLUS WEED CONTROL: Scotts Turf Builder Weed and Feed 3
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5. BEST FOR ALKALINE SOIL: The Andersons PGF Complete 16-4-8 Fertilizer
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6. BEST WITH MICRONUTRIENTS: Simple Lawn Solutions Lawn Energizer
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7. BEST SLOW-RELEASE: Milorganite Slow-Release Nitrogen 6-4-0 Fertilizer
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8. ALSO CONSIDER: Pennington 100536576 UltraGreen Lawn Fertilizer
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Product Comparison

Our Top Picks

To qualify for a spot in this lineup of the best fertilizers for zoysia grass and be considered an asset to regular lawn care, the following products had to meet specific criteria. They have a higher nitrogen ratio than potassium or phosphorus, which is a must for any lawn fertilizer; they are straightforward to apply; and they contain quality ingredients. The following lawn fertilizers vary slightly in usage and nutritional ingredients, but each is a standout in its category. 

Best Overall

Scotts Green Max Lawn Food

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Product Specs 

• Type: Granular
• Coverage: Up to 10,000 square feet
• NPK ratio: 27-0-2 

What We Like

• Boosts growth and promotes quick greening
• Can be applied in any season and to any grass variety 
• Treats areas of up to 10,000 square feet 

What We Don’t Like

• Can stain concrete, driveways, and other surfaces  

For quick zoysia greening and a boost in growth, consider Scotts Green Max Lawn Food, which features a high nitrogen 27-0-2 NPK ratio. In addition to the standard nutrients, Green Max contains iron, a micronutrient that helps lawn grasses green up quickly. 

The manufacturer recommends using a drop spreader to apply this granular product for best results. When applied as directed, a 33.33-pound bag treats up to 10,000 square feet of lawn. Keep it off sidewalks and driveways, as iron tends to leave rusty stains on concrete and masonry. Brush off any errant product with a broom promptly to prevent staining.  

Get the Scotts Green Max fertilizer for zoysia grass at Walmart.

Best Bang For The Buck

Miracle-Gro Water Soluble Lawn Food

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Product Specs 

• Type: Water-soluble granules 
• Coverage: Up to 7,200 square feet
• NPK ratio: 36-0-6

What We Like

• Absorbs quickly into the ground  
• Easy to apply 
• Suitable for small to large yards

What We Don’t Like

• Must have a hose applicator to apply (not included)

There’s no need to spend a lot of green to feed a zoysia lawn. Miracle-Gro’s affordable water-soluble fertilizer comes with a high-nitrogen NPK ratio of 36-0-6, which helps grass develop a rich green color while boosting health and encouraging dense growth. 

This option comes in a 5-pound bag of water-soluble fertilizer. Just dump a bag into a hose-end applicator, and connect the applicator to the end of a garden hose. When the water is turned on, the fertilizer is diluted and dispersed evenly for spraying over the lawn. A single box treats up to 7,200 square feet and is mild enough to use every 2 to 3 weeks if desired. It’s a budget-friendly way to keep a zoysia lawn healthy and looking great. 

Get the Miracle-Gro fertilizer for zoysia grass at Amazon or Ace Hardware.

Best Balanced Formula

Simple Lawn Solutions Advanced 16-4-8 Balanced NPK

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Product Specs 

• Type: Concentrated liquid
• Coverage: Up to 3,200 square feet
• NPK ratio: 16-4-8 

What We Like

• Contains beneficial nutrients
• Comes with a built-in sprayer attachment use 
• Suitable for 3,200 square feet of any grass type 

What We Don’t Like

• Slightly pricey for the coverage area provided 
• Some users have reported difficulty using the hose attachment 

Those looking to add a broader range of nutrients to their zoysia lawn may appreciate Simple Lawn Solutions Advanced 16-4-8 liquid fertilizer. It provides ample nitrogen and smaller amounts of phosphorus and potassium to help with root growth and encourage rich color. The product also contains seaweed and fish emulsions that may help balance soil that lacks nutrients (a soil test is recommended to be sure). 

Simple Lawn Solutions is a concentrated liquid, but there’s no need to worry about measuring or mixing. It comes in its own spray dispenser that attaches to a garden hose for uniform distribution. One 32-ounce bottle treats up to 3,200 square feet of lawn.

Get the Simple Lawn Solutions Advanced fertilizer for zoysia grass at Amazon, or Simple Lawn Solutions.

Best Plus Weed Control

Scotts Turf Builder Weed and Feed 3

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Product Specs 

• Type: Granular
• Coverage: Up to 5,000 square feet
• NPK ratio: 28-0-3 

What We Like

• High nitrogen content for lawn greening
• Suitable for areas of up to 5,000 square feet  
• Easy to apply with most broadcast or drop fertilizer spreaders 

What We Don’t Like

• Herbicide performance may suffer if the lawn is dry at application
• Should not be exposed to water within 24 hours of application 

Dandelions and clover are no match for Scotts Turf Builder Weed and Feed 3, which does double duty as a fertilizer and a pesky weed killer. Its high-nitrogen NPK ratio is 28-0-3, making it well suited for greening up lawns, including zoysia lawns, and encouraging the grass to reach a rich color. 

In addition to its nutritional content, Scotts Turf Builder Weed and Feed contains 2,4-D, a selective herbicide that kills annual weeds but won’t harm zoysia grass. The manufacturer recommends mowing the grass and watering it before applying this fertilizer—the 2,4-D herbicide adheres best to damp leaf blades, giving it the most weed-killing power. 

One 14.29-pound bag of granular Scotts Turf Builder Weed and Feed for zoysia grass treats up to 5,000 square feet of lawn and is suitable for use in a broadcast or drop spreader. 

Get the Scotts Turf Builder fertilizer for zoysia grass at Amazon, Lowe’s, or The Home Depot.

Best For Soil Conditioner

The Andersons PGF Complete 16-4-8 Fertilizer

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Product Specs 

• Type: Granular
• Coverage: Up to 5,000 square feet
• NPK ratio: 16-4-8 

What We Like

• High nitrogen content as well as humic acid
• Slow-release nutrients
• Small particle size good for even distribution 
• Fast-acting formula offers visible results in 6 to 14 days

What We Don’t Like

• Other amendments may be required to reduce high pH levels

Zoysia grass grows best in soil with a pH between 6 and 6.5, but if your yard is higher on the pH scale, fertilizing with a product that neutralizes pH might be a good idea. (Rather than guessing at the pH level, the best course of action is to have the soil tested by a local extension agency or soil test kit.) 

The Andersons Professional PGF fertilizer contains humic acid, which helps neutralize pH levels in any turf type. In addition, the product features a 16-4-8 NPK ratio, so the grass will receive a healthy dose of nitrogen and small amounts of phosphorus and potassium. An 18-pound bag of The Andersons PGF fertilizer will treat up to 5,000 square feet for up to 8 weeks, with visible results in 6 to 14 days. 

Be aware that this product can help neutralize the pH level, but depending on the soil test results, it may not be sufficient for reducing it to an optimal level for growing zoysia. A professional soil test will be required to determine that. 

Get The Andersons fertilizer for zoysia grass at Amazon (18 pounds).

Best For Maintenance

Simple Lawn Solutions Lawn Energizer

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Product Specs 

• Type: Concentrated liquid
• Coverage: Up to 12,800 square feet
• NPK ratio: 6-0-0 

What We Like

• Nitrogen for boosting grass color
• Easy-to-use concentrated liquid
• Can be used on all grass types

What We Don’t Like

• Must be diluted and poured into a sprayer (not included)

Most of the time, high nitrogen is all that’s necessary to boost grass color and health, but that doesn’t mean additional nutrients won’t be beneficial, especially if the soil is depleted of natural nutrients (a soil test is the best way to find out).

Simple Lawn Solutions Lawn Energizer contains an added oomph of nutrients, including iron, magnesium, and manganese, which are trace minerals designed to enhance soil. The iron and nitrogen content encourages a rich color and robust growth, while the other nutrients may help root growth and overall grass density. 

The product comes in a 1-gallon concentrated liquid form and can be diluted and applied via a pump-type garden sprayer to spaces of up to 12,800 square feet. Note: While Lawn Energizer may boost the health of slightly depleted soil, it may not be sufficient for correcting significant soil problems—only the result of a professional soil test will let home landscapers know how to properly amend the soil. 

Get the Simple Lawn Solutions Energizer fertilizer for zoysia grass at Amazon and Simple Lawn Solutions (32 ounces).

Best Slow-Release

Milorganite 32 lb. Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer

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Product Specs 

• Type: Slow-release granules
• Coverage: Up to 2,500 square feet
• NPK ratio: 6-4-0 

What We Like

• Slowly releases nutrients into the grass
• Provides quick greening and healthy growth 
• Environmentally friendly formula  

What We Don’t Like

• Iron ingredients may stain concrete if not removed promptly 
• May leave behind a slight earthy aroma when first applied 

Some lawn fertilizers should be applied every 2 weeks, but Milorganite Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer dissolves gradually, so it keeps feeding the grass for up to 10 weeks. This product has a 6-4-0 NPK ratio and contains iron to help green up the lawn quickly. 

A 32-pound bag of Milorganite Fertilizer treats up to 2,500 square feet of lawn. If that seems like less coverage than other fertilizers, keep in mind that it works longer, so fewer feedings are necessary throughout the summer. The granulated formulation can be applied with a drop spreader or a broadcast spreader. To keep the iron in the product from staining concrete, sweep away any excess product that gets on sidewalks and patios immediately after application. 

Get the Milorganite fertilizer for zoysia grass at Amazon, Lowe’s, or Ace Hardware.

Also Consider

Pennington 100536576 UltraGreen Lawn Fertilizer

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Product Specs 

• Type: Granular, slow-release
• Coverage: Up to 5,000 square feet
• NPK ratio: 30-0-4 

What We Like

• Contains iron for thick greening
• Provides helpful nutrients for up to 3 months
• Compatible with most drop or broadcast spreaders  

What We Don’t Like

• Iron ingredients may stain concrete if not promptly removed 
• Suitable for application between June and August only 

The combination of 5 percent fast-acting iron and 10.5 percent slow-release nitrogen in this Pennington UltraGreen lawn fertilizer is just the ticket for enhancing lackluster lawns for up to 3 months. With an NPK ratio of 30-0-4, there’s plenty of nitrogen to go around, but it dissolves gradually over 3 months to keep grass consistently fed. The iron in Pennington UltraGreen is fast-acting and will help grass develop a rich green color in a few short days. 

A 14-pound bag of Pennington UltraGreen covers up to 5,000 square feet and can be applied by either a drop spreader or a broadcast spreader. Be sure to sweep away any product that gets on patios or sidewalks to prevent staining from the iron in the mix. 

Get the Pennington fertilizer for zoysia grass at Amazon, or The Home Depot.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Chose the Best Fertilizers for Zoysia Grass

Lawn fertilizer products are straightforward, and most contain high nitrogen levels, the most critical nutrient for greening up a lawn and boosting growth. We looked extensively at dozens of lawn fertilizer products before selecting the ones in this lineup as among the best for zoysia grass. 

In general, most lawn fertilizers will be good bets for applying to zoysia grass because zoysia has the same nutritional needs as other turfgrasses. We looked at nationally known companies with stellar reputations for making quality lawn and garden products, such as Miracle-Gro and Scotts. Still, we didn’t automatically eliminate fertilizers from smaller or niche manufacturers if they contained quality ingredients. 

Finally, we looked at how satisfied customers were with different lawn fertilizer products. In the final analysis, we considered products containing additional ingredients, although our focus was still on ensuring that the product had adequate nitrogen.

What to Consider When Choosing a Fertilizer for Zoysia Grass

Keep a few basic factors in mind when shopping for a zoysia fertilizer, including yard size and product coverage rates, the overall health of the existing soil, and the preferred application method. For the best results, test the soil before applying fertilizer. Soil test kits are available online and from local extension agencies, many of which allow users to ship samples to a professional lab for testing and soil amendment recommendations.

Standard lawn fertilizers typically do not contain all the components necessary to correct significant soil problems. Rather, their primary purpose is to boost the color of the grass and make it grow faster.

Type

Fertilizer products for treating zoysia lawns are available in three standard types: liquid, water-soluble, and granular. Each has its benefits and considerations.

• Liquid: For the quickest fertilizer uptake, consider applying a liquid product. Of the three types of fertilizer, liquid works the fastest because the blades of grass readily absorb the product. Liquid fertilizers come in ready-to-use solutions and concentrated formulas that require dilution with water.
• Water-soluble: This fertilizer looks grainy, but when mixed with water, it dissolves almost immediately, making it suitable for treating with hose-end applicators. Miracle-Gro fertilizers are often water-soluble, and using them is as easy as dumping a premeasured packet into a hose-end container and then spraying old or new grass. This type of product is absorbed just as quickly as a liquid product.
• Granular: Rather than spraying, granular lawn fertilizers are applied using a fertilizer spreader, such as a drop spreader or broadcast spreader. Many are formulated to release the nutrients over time for continuous lawn feeding.

Soil pH

Zoysia grass grows well in various soil types, including sandy soil and loamy soil. It prefers a slightly acidic soil types from 6 to 6.5 on the pH scale. However, it will often tolerate slightly more alkaline or more acidic soil types (within a 0.4-point range) if other needs are met, such as regular watering and fertilizing. A few types of zoysia grass fertilizer provide pH-balance ingredients. Still, if the existing soil is over 7 (too alkaline) or under 5.6 (too acidic), it may require the application of different amendments, such as sulfur or lime. The only way to know for sure is to have the soil tested at a lab and then amended according to the recommendations before zoysia fertilization.

NPK Ratio

On virtually all zoysia grass fertilizing products (except a few all-natural products), buyers will find an NPK ratio that signifies the amount of the three essential nutrients found in fertilizer: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).

Zoysia is like other turf grasses when it comes to an optimal NPK ratio. Look for a ratio where the amount of nitrogen is higher than both phosphorus and potassium. For zoysia, a typical NPK ratio might be 15-1-5, which indicates the product contains 15 parts nitrogen, 1 part phosphorus, and 5 parts potassium by volume. 

Nitrogen is necessary for giving zoysia grass a rich green color and for boosting healthy growth. Some lawn fertilizer formulations may contain no phosphorus or potassium at all, in which case the package might read 10-0-0.

Organic vs. Synthetic

Most lawn fertilizers contain synthetic components, but a growing number of manufacturers are developing all-natural fertilizers as consumer preference for eco-friendly products increases. Lawn grasses typically react the same way to the nutrients in either type of fertilizer, so the zoysia grass will benefit from both.

• Synthetic: Fertilizers that contain chemical and artificial ingredients, such as synthetic forms of minerals and nutrients, are often less expensive to produce than natural products. These fertilizers will not go bad but may lose some of their effectiveness over time. 
• Organic: Shoppers will likely notice how much more expensive all-natural fertilizers are than synthetic options—some organic products run more than three times as much for a product that covers the same size lawn. The price difference lies in the difficulty of manufacturing organic fertilizers, which typically include earthworm castings and sterilized manure ingredients. Organic fertilizers are often safer to use around pets and people, depending on the specific product.

Application

Zoysia grass doesn’t green up as early in the spring as cool-season grasses, such as fescue, and the general rule of thumb is to wait to apply fertilizer to zoysia until it’s fully green. By waiting, the grass gets a chance to green up naturally, which prompts its roots to wake up from winter and draw on their own energy. This gives them a solid start to the growing season. After the zoysia is green, applying a nitrogen fertilizer will help it maintain rich color and boost growth. 

Deciding when to fertilize zoysia also depends on the product. Some products call for applying fertilizer as often as twice a month, while others should be used just once per growing season. Additionally, consider fertilizing the zoysia lawn one last time in the fall. This will strengthen the grass and help it remain resilient and healthy during its upcoming winter dormancy.

FAQs

Zoysia is a hardy, robust type of grass that thrives in heat, but it still requires some care to reach its full lush potential and stay healthy all summer long. Those learning how to care for zoysia grass will undoubtedly have some questions: What is the best fertilizer for zoysia grass, and what makes a zoysia lawn denser?

The post The Best Fertilizers for Zoysia Grass appeared first on Bob Vila.

Soil testers range from simple pH strips to complex kits that pinpoint deficiencies. Serious gardeners will want to reach for comprehensive tests. As Jon Traunfeld, director of the Home & Garden Information Center at University of Maryland, explains, “We recommend that gardeners have their soil tested by accredited soil testing labs, public or private. A basic test that measures soil pH, important soil nutrients, and organic matter costs $20 to $25. The labs also provide recommendations for lime and fertilizer if needed.” These tests are available directly from labs or through your county extension office. 

For the average home gardener though, it can be easier to buy a soil test kit online, so that’s what we tested. To ensure accuracy, we compared product results to test results acquired from the Kansas State University soil testing lab. Our favorite product ended up being the MySoil Test Kit—it was easy to use and the results were simple to interpret, and most importantly of all, they were accurate. Ahead, learn what to look for when shopping for a soil test kit, and find out why the following products are well suited for helping determine soil deficiencies. 

1. BEST OVERALL: MySoil Test Kit
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2. RUNNER-UP: Soil Savvy Soil Test Kit
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3. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Atree 3-in-1 Soil pH Meter Tester Kits
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4. BEST PH STRIPS: Garden Tutor Soil pH Test Strips Kit
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5. BEST CHEMICAL TEST: Luster Leaf 1662 Soil Test Kit
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6. BEST DIGITAL TEST: Luster Leaf 1605 Digital Soil Test Kit
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7. BEST FOR CROPS: Whitetail Institute Laboratory Soil-Test Kit
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8. BEST PRECISION PH: Bluelab Soil pH Pen
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Product Comparison

Our Top Picks

The kits we tested had to be accurate and relatively simple to use to earn a spot on this lineup. Test kits and equipment vary by the type of test being performed, so some are better suited to home gardeners, while others appeal to commercial and agricultural growers. We tested a range of kits—some required mailing off a soil sample for professional analysis, some involved chemical testing at home, and others required nothing more than sticking a probe in the soil.

Best Overall

MySoil Test Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Accuracy 5/5; Value 5/5

Product Specs 

• Type of test: Professional, mail-in
• Tests for: 13 nutrients plus pH level
• Result time: Results by email within 6 to 8 days of mailing the sample

What We Like

• Professional test for pH and a range of soil nutrients and minerals 
• Process is clear and straightforward 
• Results are detailed and easy to understand 

What We Don’t Like

• No print option available on the website

For professional results, check out the MySoil test kit, which allows gardeners to gather soil samples and have them professionally tested. The MySoil kit offers an in-depth analysis, revealing the amounts of micronutrients, NPK, and macronutrients in the tested soil.

With the MySoil kit, we registered online and followed detailed instructions, gathering a large amount of soil from various areas of the property, mixing it together well, and filling the provided testing cup with the soil blend. Then we sent my soil sample to MySoil as well as an additional soil sample to Kansas State University’s agricultural department so we would have a quality comparison.

We received an email 6 days later with the results of the soil tests. We were impressed with the comprehensive results. The lab listed the levels of existing nutrients, including nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, iron, and more, and then compared our soil’s levels with optimal levels, which were also listed for each nutrient. We also received a bar chart that allowed us to visually compare the results, making them simple to understand.

Best of all, when the soil results from K-State came back, they were very close to the MySoil results, making us feel very comfortable with the quality of the MySoil lab results.

Get the MySoil soil test kit at Amazon or MySoil. 

Runner-up

Soil Savvy Soil Test Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4/5; Accuracy 5/5; Value 5/5

Product Specs 

• Type of test: Professional, mail-in
• Tests for: 14 nutrients plus pH level
• Result time: 11 days from when the sample was mailed

What We Like

• Soil-collection instructions are easy to follow
• Results provide detailed recommendations for both synthetic and organic amendments
• Tests for aluminum, which our top pick does not test for 

What We Don’t Like

• Could provide a better explanation of the results
• It took the longest of all labs to get results

The Soil Savvy soil test kit offers professional soil analysis and custom fertilizer recommendations. It comes with a scoop, a collection cup containing liquid and a plastic ball, a prepaid postage envelope, and complete instructions for collecting and submitting a soil sample. 

As with the other soil samples we sent in the mail for professional testing, used the same soil gathered from various spots and then blended well. We spooned the soil into the cup, sealed it, and then went online and registered the barcode that came with the kit.

The lab took a little longer than we’d anticipated to get back to us, but in 11 days, we got an email directing us to log on for my results. We were impressed by the accuracy of the test results—they were right in line with the K-State results, and we also received customized recommendations for amending my soil to make it healthier. The Soil Savvy recommendations were broken down by synthetic and organic fertilizers—telling me exactly how much of each to apply per 1,000 square feet to amend the soil. 

Soil Savvy could have provided a better explanation of the results, however. We understand what nutrient ratios are, but a newbie gardener might benefit from further explanation of what the numbers mean. The lab tested for the 14 most common nutrients plus pH level.

Get the Soil Savvy soil test kit at Amazon or Soil Savvy.

Best Bang For The Buck

Atree 3-in-1 Soil pH Meter Tester Kits

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Accuracy 5/5; Value 5/5

Product Specs 

• Type of test: Analog probe
• Tests for: Moisture, pH, light
• Result time: Immediate for moisture and pH, 10 minutes for light

What We Like

• Very simple to use and provides immediate or near-immediate results
• Doesn’t need batteries
• Low-effort option

What We Don’t Like

• Only measures moisture, pH, and light

Not all gardeners need or want a nutritional analysis of their soil. Some just want to know the pH level or how much light a plant would receive in a specific location. The Atree soil pH meter provides those answers accurately and at an affordable price.

We tested the Atree meter by inserting it in various spots in our flower garden. Over the years, we’ve added amendments, such as sulfur, to specific areas where acid-loving plants are growing, and we were curious whether this simple tester would pick up on that. It did—the soil around our hydrangeas, which we’ve amended heavily, tested at 6 on the pH scale, while the soil around our daisies registered at 6.8. Both seemed accurate based on our historical knowledge of our soil and the amendments we’ve made.

We then tested both moisture and light levels in various garden spots, and the Atree again seemed accurate. While this tester didn’t determine things like specific nutrient levels, we found that it would be great for gardeners who are happy with the health of their soil but would like to know if the light is adequate or whether the soil is draining well. The Atree did a good job measuring both.

Get the Atree soil test kit at Amazon. 

Best Ph Strips

Garden Tutor Soil pH Test Strips Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Accuracy 5/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Type of test: Strips
• Tests for: pH levels
• Result time: Within 20 seconds of testing

What We Like

• Quick and accurate pH test results
• Simple to use and read
• Includes 100 test strips for lots of testing at an affordable cost

What We Don’t Like

• Poor packaging likely led to short shelf life

Garden Tutor’s test strips offer quick results in determining indoor or outdoor soil’s acid/alkaline content. The kit contains 100 test strips and also includes a 16-page handbook that lists optimal pH levels for growing various plants.

We found the Garden Tutor soil pH test strips to accurately determine the pH levels in various parts of our flower garden. The simplest of all the kits we tested required mixing soil from a specific garden area with water and then dipping it in a pH test strip. In a few seconds, sensitive tabs on the test strip turned color, and we visually matched them to the color-coded chart on the outside of the bottle to determine the amount of acid or alkalinity of the soil.

We tested the soil in an area we knew had a lower pH, as we’ve added pH-lowering amendments for years. The Garden Tutor test strips determined that level to be 6.1, which sounded close and aligned with other pH tests we performed. We then tested the soil in a spot we knew was more alkaline and got a higher pH reading.

One thing we wish the manufacturer would have included, however, was a moisture-absorbent pack with the strips. We used about 20 strips in our initial tests, and all were fine. Three weeks later, however, the pH pads had all turned brownish, which we suspected was due to moist air getting into the bottle.

Get the Garden Tutor soil test kit at Amazon or Garden Tutor.

Best Chemical Test

Luster Leaf 1662 Soil Test Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4/5; Accuracy 5/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Type of test: Chemical (at home)
• Tests for: pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
• Result time: Varies by the test but all within a few minutes

What We Like

• Provided accurate results
• Looks intimidating but it’s relatively easy to use
• No need to send off a sample and wait days for results
• All the components fit into a small kit that’s easy to store 

What We Don’t Like

• Did not have enough solution to complete 40 tests

In addition to determining soil’s pH level, the Luster Leaf soil test kit pinpoints the amount of the three most common soil macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. There’s no need for the user to send a sample to a laboratory with this chemical test. 

When we first opened the Luster Leaf test kit case, we were surprised by the number of vials and bottles of solutions. It didn’t look very easy. After reading the instructions, we found it was actually pretty simple. Testing involved gathering soil, putting a tiny bit in a glass vial, adding a specific liquid and/or powder (depending on the test), and shaking the vial. We were then able to compare the color of the liquid in the vial to an included chart to get the results.

To determine the accuracy of the Luster Leaf tests, we compared the results we got from the mail-in soil tests. The NPK results were close to the lab results. For an at-home test, we were pretty impressed. (The pH, on the other hand, tested lower than the lab tests, but the soil where we took the sample for this test had been previously amended to lower pH.)

The downside? The manufacturer says the kit will perform 40 tests. We found that to be inaccurate. We followed the instructions carefully and had only enough solution to do about 15 tests.

Get the Luster Leaf 1662 soil test kit at Amazon.

Best Digital Test

Luster Leaf 1605 Digital Soil Test Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4/5; Accuracy 5/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Type of test: Chemical (digital results)
• Tests for: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH
• Result time: Within a few seconds

What We Like

• Digital results are straightforward and very easy to interpret
• Testing just requires inserting the sample and pressing a test button
• Includes a booklet that has pH preferences for over 450 plants

What We Don’t Like

• Only 5 capsules per test for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash

The second Luster Leaf kit in the lineup tests for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but it takes some of the complexity out of testing using color-coded capsules. It also takes the guesswork out of matching the results with its easy-to-read digital display. Everything is color-coded: N, P, and K correspond with purple, blue, and orange, respectively, while green is for pH.

We collected a soil sample, filled one of the four test tubes, and then added filtered water to the tube. We shook the soil and water solution, inserted a color-coded capsule in the vial, and shook again. Once the contents were well mixed, we inserted the vial into the hole at the top of the digital reader and pressed the button corresponding to the test.

This was the same test as the first Luster Leaf kit, but it was more user-friendly, and the color-coding made everything understandable. The digital reader gave me the results via a lit-up button. If the soil had too much of a nutrient, it registered as “surplus,” and lower amounts registered as “sufficient,” “adequate,” “deficient,” or “depleted.” 

Unfortunately, the digital tester did not show how low or high a nutrient might have been, but we were able to look in the booklet and see optimal NPK levels for different plants, grasses, and flowers. The booklet also offered suggestions on how to amend the soil to raise or lower specific nutrient levels. 

Get the Luster Leaf 1605 soil test kit at Amazon or Earth Easy.

Best For Crops

Whitetail Institute Laboratory Soil-Test Kit

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Accuracy 5/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Type of test: Professional, mail-in
• Tests for: Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium
• Result time: Results available by email in one week

What We Like

• Ideal for food plots
• Customizable—write down the intended crop for personalized results
• Detailed results arrive quickly and are tailored to the chosen crop

What We Don’t Like

• Less comprehensive than some other tests

Hobby farmers and crop growers can receive an expert soil analysis with the Whitetail Institute’s Laboratory soil test kit. Growers also receive a custom consultation and recommendations for improving their soil based on the type of crop that will be grown. 

For testing, we once again used the same soil gathered from various spots, blended well, and sent the sample to Whitetail. Of the three mail-in soil kits we tested, Whitetail offered the highest level of customization. When we filled out the form, they asked what we planned to grow in the soil. We chose alfalfa and Whitetail sent specific instructions for amending the soil to make it suitable for growing alfalfa. 

The nutrient test results were very close to those we obtained from the other labs and Kansas State University, but Whitetail only tested for four nutrients: phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. We called the local extension agent and asked why. He said those are the most critical four nutrients for most agricultural crops.

We could access the test results in just one week, and a few days later, a paper copy arrived via snail mail. We found that the Whitetail test kit results would be a boon for farmers or hobby farmers who want to create optimal soil conditions for a specific crop.

Get the Whitetail Institute soil test kit at Amazon, Cabela’s, or Whitetail Institute.

Best Precision pH

Bluelab Soil pH Pen

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 3/5; Accuracy 5/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Type of test: Digital probe
• Tests for: pH and temperature
• Result time: Immediate

What We Like

• Provides very precise pH testing, measuring to 0.1 degree
• Easy-to-see digital readout on a backlit LCD display
• Developed for commercial growing needs

What We Don’t Like

• Must be calibrated before use

For commercial-scale growers, hydroponic growers, or gardeners who want the ultimate in precision pH testing, consider the Bluelab pH pen that provides highly accurate acid/alkaline results. The pen comes with a backlit LCD display and requires a AAA battery for operation. It also features two-point calibration for ensuring accurate pH readings, but the calibration solution is not included.

We had to locate 7.0 and 4.01 pH solutions, and we were able to borrow some of both from the local high school chemistry class, but be aware that if you want to use this pen, you’ll need to buy some of your own.

After calibrating the Bluelab pen, which involves putting it first in one solution and then the other and pushing the calibration button each time, we were able to test the pH and the temperature of the soil of our potted plants. We were surprised at the accuracy of this pen tester as it measured pH to a tenth of a degree and clearly displayed the number on the LED screen. The pH was close to what we had gotten in other tests, but this seemed to be the most accurate of all the tests. The temperature reading was also handy, and it would be vital for hydroponic growers or commercial growers who needed to maintain a specific growing temperature.

Get the Bluelab soil test pen at Amazon or Bluelab.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Tested the Best Soil Test Kits

Our goal in testing the soil test kits was to determine how accurate each was, how easy they were to use, and how beneficial the results would be for our readers. The types of soil tests varied widely—from professional tests that required sending a soil sample to a lab to simple pH meters that determined a soil’s acid or alkaline level via a probe. We extensively researched dozens of soil test kits and products before choosing which ones to test, and we intentionally chose different types of kits because growers have very different needs. 

Misti Mathis, co-owner of Harvest Gold Organics, which sells plant care products out of McKinney, Texas, offers some advice on how shoppers can decide between kits: “Ultimately, the best choice depends on your specific needs and budget. While home test kits won’t be as precise as professional labs, they’re a good option for many gardeners.” She adds that “a professional lab test might be a better choice if you’re facing severe plant growth issues or have unique soil characteristics.”

To help determine the effectiveness of individual lab tests, we also sent a soil sample to the agricultural department at Kansas State University, where they do high-end soil and plant testing. The results from Kansas State were used as a starting point for comparing the other lab tests and the at-home chemical testing kits. 

We awarded points for each kit or product, and at the end of testing, we added the points and used them to help determine the best uses and specific awards for each of the kits that earned a spot in this lineup.

What to Consider When Choosing a Soil Test Kit

Many gardeners and home landscapers buy fertilizer and soil amendment products that promise to produce robust plant growth, improve soil structure, or result in abundant blooms. Still, unless the products provide what the soil lacks, the results may not be what the gardener expected. In some cases—such as adding fertilizer to nutrient-dense soil—plants may even suffer from fertilizer burn. Soil testing takes the guesswork out of gardening and landscaping, and that’s why I tested the top soil test products on the market today.

Soil

Soil quality varies from location to location. The soil in some regions might be perfect for growing vegetables and flowers, while the soil someplace else must be heavily amended with organic matter to grow anything. The following four common types of soil have different properties: 

• Silt: Fine and soft, silt grains are smaller than grains of sand. Silty soil is associated with prior flooding that washed topsoil downstream. Silty soils are suitable for growing most types of plants but will benefit from adding organic matter to help increase drainage. Depending on its nutrient content, silt may also require a fertilizer.
• Loamy: An optimal blend of silt, sand, clay, and organic matter, loamy soil is a gardener’s best friend. It drains well, yet resists compaction as it dries out. It’s suitable for growing fruits, vegetables, and most types of flowers and shrubs.
• Clay: While clay soil is full of nutrients, it’s composed of ultra-fine particles that stick together when wet and become rock-hard when dry. Plants don’t grow well in clay soil because their roots can’t push as easily through thick clay as they can with other soil types. Clay soil must be amended with organic matter, such as compost, to help aerate the soil and make it suitable for growing plants.
• Sandy: Better than clay because it offers spaces between the grains for roots to grow, but not as nutrient-dense as loam, sandy soil drains well. It is suitable for growing bulbs, such as tulips, and root crops, including potatoes and carrots. When preparing soil for the upcoming growing season, adding organic matter will help it retain moisture when growing other types of plants.

Test Types

Several soil-testing products are available to determine the amounts of various nutrients and macronutrients in the soil. Among the most comprehensive tests are those that involve taking soil samples and sending them to a lab for analysis. Still, at-home kits and instruments like these can be of help.

• Strips: A simple type of soil test, pH strips are coated bits of paper that determine the current acidity or alkalinity level of the soil. The gardener mixes soil with distilled water, using the recommended ratio on the package instructions. (Tap water can influence the pH readout.) After inserting the test strip in the solution, the resulting color of the strip lets the gardener know whether the soil in the garden is acidic or alkaline. A chart usually comes with pH test strips so users can compare the colors.
• Analog: These testers are commonly used to test soil for moisture content, pH levels, and some may even test the quantity of the light in specific locations. They feature aluminum probes to be inserted in the soil when taking readings. Some may use batteries, but many analog testers react to wetness in the ground and often don’t need batteries.
• Digital: Like analog soil testers, digital soil testers often come with probes to insert in the ground to determine moisture content and pH levels. They usually require batteries and may also be used in conjunction with chemical testing to help determine nutrient levels, such as the amount of nitrogen or potash in the soil.
• Chemical: At-home chemical soil tests require adding a drop or two of a specific chemical called a “reagent” to a soil sample. The reaction helps show the health of the soil. Chemical soil tests are suitable for testing one or more factors, including pH, and specific nutrients, such as nitrogen or calcium.
• Professional: The most reliable of all soil tests, professional tests require the gardener to collect a soil sample. The sample is mailed to a laboratory, where it’s analyzed for structure and a variety of nutrients. Then the lab sends the results and soil recommendations back to the gardener.

Testing

Testing kits and instruments commonly help pinpoint soil characteristics. Knowing the makeup of the soil helps you better maintain your garden. Keep in mind that various plants have specific nutrient requirements, so it’s essential to research the plant that will be grown before adding nutrients.

• Macronutrients: The three most common macronutrients needed for healthy plant growth are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Every bag of fertilizer will list an NPK number that identifies the amount of each of these three nutrients. The types of N, P, and K nutrients come in various forms, such as potassium carbonate for phosphorus, and urea or anhydrous ammonia for nitrogen. In general, all the NPK varieties perform similar functions. The key is knowing which specific nutrient that a plant needs and then using the soil test results to add a fertilizer formulation that helps balance nutrient levels. 
• Micronutrients: Plants may require trace minerals as well as macronutrients, and a soil tester that pinpoints micronutrients, such as copper, iron, and manganese, tells the gardener if too much or not enough of these nutrients is in the soil. 
• Acid or alkaline: The pH scale runs from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Most garden plants prefer slightly acidic soil, between 6 and 7. However, some plants such as lilac and clematis prefer slightly alkaline soils, while azaleas prefer acidic (5.5) conditions.
• Temperature: Testing soil temperature is much like testing human temperature; the tester has a thermometer that indicates how warm or cool the soil is. This is helpful for commercial growers who want to start production as early in the spring as possible. It also can be helpful for hobby gardeners who want to make sure the soil is warm enough before they set out seedlings. 
• Light: Because plants need various amounts of light, a light meter can help determine whether a location will be optimal for a specific plant variety. While plants have different light needs, all need some light for photosynthesis, which is how the plant synthesizes water and carbon dioxide into food. Most at-home light meters will display low, medium, and high lighting conditions. A gardener can use these readings to determine whether a plant is receiving enough light (or too much light) in a specific spot. 
• Moisture: One of the most common soil tests is for moisture, and it’s used to determine whether the soil is draining well. Moisture meters usually have a gauge that allows the gardener to see if the soil, whether it’s in a garden bed or is a potting soil mix, is dry, moist, or wet. 

Accuracy

Soil test kits vary in accuracy, with professional lab tests ranking as the most accurate. The quality and composition of the soil may also vary from one end of the garden to the other based on the amount of light that a specific spot gets, whether leaves fall and decompose in one spot, or what types of plants were grown there in the past. For example, plants in the legume family, such as soybeans or clover, can add nitrogen to the soil. 

Choosing the most accurate test or tester can prove challenging, but look for features such as large, easy-to-read gauges on analog testers and probes that are solidly attached. Chemical kits should offer multiple testing processes for double-checking results, and pH test strips will be most accurate before their expiration date. No matter the individual test kit, gardeners can help avoid mistakes by performing multiple tests in different spots. 

Speed of Results

The quickest results come from tests that determine pH and moisture. At-home test kits and instruments can determine these two factors in mere seconds. Testing for other nutrients may take longer, especially if the soil has to be combined with water and then allowed to settle before performing a chemical test.Light and moisture meters can often determine results in a few minutes. Retesting can be done as often as desired to get an idea of light quality during different times of the day and to see whether moisture evaporates more quickly from soil during higher outdoor temps. 

The longest wait period comes when seeking professional laboratory results. The gardener must gather the soil samples, place them in a package, and mail the package to the laboratory. Depending on the speed of the lab, it may take a few days to test the sample and then a few extra days to get the results. Some labs can send results by email, which speeds up the process by a couple of days. 

Ease of Use

Test kits that feature pH strips and meters with probes are simple to use and self-explanatory for the most part, but the best soil test kits come with directions on how to handle the strips and the probes, in addition to offering information for understanding the relevance of the test results. Chemical test kits can be more complex, but they come with instructions on gathering soil samples, mixing them, and choosing the chemicals to use when conducting specific nutrient tests. Chemical kits often come with charts that explain what the different results mean, such as various color changes that occur when testing for particular macronutrients and micronutrients.

FAQs

The best soil test kit can help a gardener figure out the most beneficial fertilizers or amendments to add to a garden. Below are answers to some common questions about soil testing kits.

Meet the Tester 

Glenda Taylor is a product tester and writer specializing in the construction, remodeling, and real estate industries. She and her husband own a general contracting company, and Taylor is experienced in both residential and commercial building applications. She tests a wide range of power tools as well as other home improvement, household, and lawn-and-garden products.

The post The Best Soil Test Kits, Tested appeared first on Bob Vila.

We attached the nozzles to garden hoses and cranked up the water pressure, noting how easily they connected, whether they dribbled (no one likes that!), and how well each of the spray functions performed. We watered grass, potted plants, and raised beds in our quest to determine which nozzles would earn a spot in this lineup of the best hose nozzles. After all that testing, we chose the Green Mount New Patent Garden Hose Nozzle as our top pick. It earned that spot as a result of its ergonomic design and the fact that it didn’t leak even a little.

Keep reading to learn some essential tips for choosing the best hose nozzle, and find out the best (and worst) aspects of each of the following products before selecting the right one for your yard and garden this year.

1. BEST OVERALL: Green Mount New Patent Heavy-Duty Hose Nozzle
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2. RUNNER-UP: Twinkle Star Heavy-Duty Brass Adjustable Hose Nozzle
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3. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Gilmour Pistol-Grip Adjustable Watering Nozzle
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4. BEST HEAVY-DUTY: Dramm Adjustable Hose Nozzle
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5. BEST WAND: The Relaxed Gardener Watering Wand
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6. BEST ERGONOMIC: Green Mount Ergonomic Handle Fireman’s Hose Nozzle
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7. BEST LIGHTWEIGHT: Gilmour Heavy Duty Thumb-Control Nozzle
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8. BEST MULTIPURPOSE: Esow Garden Hose Nozzle
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9. BEST FOR POTS: Dramm One-Touch Rain Wand
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10. BEST HEAVY USE: Fanhao Garden Hose Nozzle
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Product Comparison

Our Top Picks 

With so many hose nozzles on the market, selecting one can be tough. We put these nozzles through their paces, and we didn’t pull any punches so that our readers will have a good shot at getting a nozzle likely to perform well for years. All the nozzles that earned a spot in our lineup are GHT, so they’re all suitable for garden hoses in the U.S., and each one is a standout in its class.

Best Overall

Green Mount New Patent Heavy-Duty Hose Nozzle

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Our Ratings: Comfort 5/5; Ease of Use 5/5; Effectiveness 5/5; Durability 4/5; Value 4.5/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Pistol
• Material: High-density ABS plastic
• Spray variations: Spray, mist, jet, shower, soaker, cone, and flat 

What We Like

• Nonslip ergonomic grip prevents strain on the users’ hands and arms 
• Fireman-type water-adjustment handle for ease of use 
• Durable construction prevents any leaks or drips 

What We Don’t Like

• Handle is slightly stiff but may loosen up over time  

DIY gardeners looking for a high-quality garden hose nozzle may want to check out Green Mount’s heavy-duty hose nozzle. We were certainly impressed. This hose nozzle features a large on-off handle with an ergonomic design that’s easy to grip and a pistol-grip-style handle for control. We were able to select from six spray options by twisting the selector ring, including jet, mist, soaker, and shower. We then adjusted the amount of water pressure by moving the handle forward or backward. 

The Green Mount nozzle connected to the hose easily, and it didn’t leak anywhere—not where it attached to the hose and not at the nozzle openings, which was refreshing because we’ve used nozzles that dribbled so much, our sleeves would be soaked. 

The construction of this Green Mount nozzle is mostly ABS plastic, making it impact-resistant and durable, but it also features a metal nozzle housing and hose fitting. It comes with a metal mesh screen that users can remove to clear clogged sediment from the nozzle. This garden hose nozzle is well suited for those with various watering needs. The spray options can provide a robust stream of water to clean off sidewalks, a gentle mist for delicate plants, such as orchids, and a soaker for quickly watering large potted plants or shrubs. 

Get the Green Mount heavy-duty hose nozzle at Amazon or Walmart.

Runner-Up

Twinkle Star Heavy-Duty Brass Adjustable Hose Nozzle

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Our Ratings: Comfort 3/5; Ease of Use 4/5; Effectiveness 4/5; Durability 5/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Twist
• Material: Heavy-duty brass
• Spray variations: Fluctuates between jet and cone

What We Like

• No-leak performance; heavy-duty construction lasts for a long time 
• Easy to hold; long design is comfortable 
• 4 adjustable spray pattern options integrated to suit any user’s preference 
• Comes in a 2-pack

What We Don’t Like

• No padded grip; may not be ideal for some users 

If we could only use two words to describe this pair of Twinkle Star twist nozzles, they’d be “rugged” and “dependable.” Some might call these old-fashioned nozzles, but there’s nothing stodgy about high performance. 

Each nozzle features rubber O-rings, located in the fitting attachment and in the twisting part of the nozzle, for maximum protection against leaking. There are also four holes in the tip of the nozzle, allowing for twice the water flow of a typical brass nozzle. It was easy to connect the nozzles to the hose, and neither one leaked. 

We twisted the nozzles to adjust the water flow to choose between a wide cone of spray, a powerful jet of water, and various shower-type pressures in between. There are no frills with these nozzles, just solid performance. 

Get the Twinkle Star hose nozzles at Amazon.

Best Bang for the Buck

Gilmour Pistol-Grip Adjustable Watering Nozzle

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Our Ratings: Comfort 2/5; Ease of Use 4/5; Effectiveness 4/5; Durability 5/5; Value 4.3/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Pistol
• Material: Zinc
• Spray variations: Adjustable from narrow jet to wide cone with spray variations in between

What We Like

• Well made and functional; ergonomic design prevents fatigue during long periods of use 
• Easy to adjust water pressure via the integrated trigger
• Front threads adapt to optional spray tips to suit users’ preferences 

What We Don’t Like

• No padded or nonslip grip; may cause some strain to the hands if used frequently 

A simple solution to watering control, the all-metal Gilmour pistol-grip nozzle is budget-friendly and durable. It has a small flow-control dial that helps users adjust the water force. Choose from full flow, cone spray, or a sharp stream that’s designed for cleaning tough messes. The Gilmour nozzle is made from zinc to resist rusting. This is another no-frills spray nozzle that offers good performance in a tried-and-true style. 

Initially, when we connected the Gilmour nozzle, we had some leaking at the fitting, but upon inspection, we’d overlooked putting the black rubber washer inside the fitting. We added the washer and experienced no more leaks. 

A threaded front makes it easier to attach cleaning tools, such as specially designed brushes (not included) for scouring patio furniture, bicycles, and other grimy gear. The trigger-style nozzle has a metal loop at the top of the trigger that locks it in place to make gripping more comfortable, but in truth this isn’t the most comfortable nozzle to use. It’s not padded and doesn’t have a nonslip grip. Yet we still believe this simple watering nozzle is a good product and an excellent price. 

Get the Gilmour pistol-grip hose nozzle at Amazon or Little Hardware.

Best Heavy-Duty

Dramm Adjustable Hose Nozzle

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Our Ratings: Comfort 2/5; Ease of Use 5/5; Effectiveness 5/5; Durability 5/5; Value 4.2/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Twist 
• Material: Brass
• Spray variations: Adjustable from mist to jet 

What We Like

• High-quality design; long nozzle with twist adjustment allows for ample customization 
• Powerful water-jet ability; perfect for washing as well as watering 
• Sturdy brass design provides no leaks and is built to last

What We Don’t Like

• No padding or nonslip grip; may cause some fatigue over prolonged use 

The second twist nozzle we tested—the Dramm adjustable hose nozzle—proved to be a modest but highly efficient watering tool. A twist of the barrel was all it took to regulate the spray pattern on this all-brass nozzle. When we ran full water pressure, the Dramm nozzle narrowed the stream of water to a high-pressure jet that quickly removed dried mud from a concrete patio. 

When we twisted the nozzle in the other direction, it went from jet to mist and between the two extremes ran through a range of shower-like options. 

The Dramm is made from solid brass, and it didn’t leak at the nozzle end or the hose end during testing. This hardworking nozzle is designed to last, and it can serve a range of watering needs with just a simple twist.

Get the Dramm adjustable hose nozzle at Amazon.

Best Wand

The Relaxed Gardener Watering Wand

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Our Ratings: Comfort 5/5; Ease of Use 4/5; Effectiveness 5/5; Durability 4/5; Value 4.5/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Watering wand
• Material: Steel and molded plastic
• Spray variations: 8 (one malfunctioned during testing due to perceived manufacturing error)

What We Like

• Extended reach for watering baskets and pots and cleaning
• Ergonomic nonslip grip is ideal for frequent or long-term use 
• Comes with 8 easy-to-change spray patterns
• Thumb control for easy adjustments to the water pressure 

What We Don’t Like

• Some users have reported that one of the spray patterns is prone to malfunction 

Hose wands can be extremely helpful when watering hanging baskets and hard-to-reach plants. At 15 inches long, the Relaxed Gardener Watering Wand proved to be just the right length to access high baskets while still being easy to handle and store. It has a nonslip ergonomic grip, and we were able to adjust water pressure via the thumb lever. 

We scrolled through eight different watering spray patterns by turning the ring at the end of the nozzle. The shower and soaker patterns are excellent on this watering wand, but the Center option dribbled and sprayed off to one side. We inspected the head, and it appeared that something hard was stuck in that specific spray opening—perhaps lodged during manufacturing. We decided that this must have been a fluke, not an inherent design flaw.

The watering wand attached easily to the hose and didn’t leak except for that “center” spray setting. The wand simplified watering high baskets and potted plants while offering a range of other spray patterns that would be suitable for newly seeded lawns, flower beds, and even vegetable gardens.

Get the Relaxed Gardener hose nozzle at Amazon.

Best Ergonomic

Green Mount Ergonomic Handle Fireman’s Hose Nozzle

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Our Ratings: Comfort 5/5; Ease of Use 4.5/5; Effectiveness 4/5; Durability 4/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Twist 
• Material: Steel, rubber coating
• Spray variations: Adjustable, ranging from jet to mist with various shower functions in between

What We Like

• High-quality construction should last a user a long time 
• Large water pressure handle is suitable for multiple uses; perfect for watering, washing, and more 
• Rubberized grip is comfortable to hold for long periods of time 

What We Don’t Like

• Heavyweight compared to similar hose nozzles  

This sprayer nozzle excels at controlling water on even high-pressure hoses, yet while it weighs in at just under 2 pounds—about twice as heavy as the typical sprayer—it’s definitely built for comfort. This Green Mount nozzle features a large fire-hose-style handle that’s easy to grab and move, even with gloved hands, and it also has a nonslip rubber grip. 

Inside the attachment fitting, we found a screen designed to keep sand and dirt out of the sprayer. There’s a wide bell-shaped dial that we twisted one way and the other to change the spray pattern from a strong jet to a fine mist, with varying shower-type sprays in between. 

This nozzle boasts solid metal construction, so it should last multiple seasons without wearing out, and we felt it was very well made—no cut corners here. The only downside might be for those who experience hand or arm fatigue since the Green Mount nozzle may feel a tad heavy after a while. 

Get the Green Mount ergonomic hose nozzle at Amazon.

Best Lightweight

Gilmour Heavy-Duty Thumb-Control Nozzle

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Our Ratings: Comfort 5/5; Ease of Use 4/5; Effectiveness 4/5; Durability 5/5; Value 4.2/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Pistol
• Material: Steel, rubber coating
• Spray variations: 8 (mist, shower, rinse, soft wash, clean, sweep, jet, and bucket-filling)

What We Like

• Quality construction; ergonomic and durable design for long-term use 
• Nonslip handle is comfortable to hold while in use 
• Swivel attachment ring can accommodate most garden hoses easily; no twisting required 

What We Don’t Like

• Separate steel ring on end of nozzle can be accidentally loosened 

Anyone hunting for a lightweight garden hose nozzle may want to give this model from Gilmour a look. Weighing under 10 ounces, it’s one of the lightest pistol-type nozzles we tested. It features eight spray patterns, including mist, shower, rinse, soft wash, clean, sweep, jet, and a bucket-filling setting—all patterns worked well.

Our favorite feature of the Gilmour nozzle was the swivel attachment ring that allowed us to connect it to the garden hose without twisting either the hose or the nozzle. It was simple to spin the attachment ring and securely attach the nozzle.

The thumb-control lever is handy to operate using the same hand holding the sprayer, but this nozzle does have one thing against it: a separate steel ring that holds the spray pattern adjustment ring in place. Rather than a single adjustment ring, the end of the sprayer features an additional steel ring that we inadvertently kept loosening when we twisted the spray adjustment ring. Each time that happened, water would dribble out from under the ring. It held better after we tightened the steel ring using some force, but we feel it would have been designed better without the additional steel ring.

Get the Gilmour thumb-control hose nozzle at Amazon.

Best Multipurpose

Esow Garden Hose Nozzle

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Our Ratings: Comfort 3/5; Ease of Use 4/5; Effectiveness 4/5; Durability 5/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Pistol
• Material: Brushed steel and brass
• Spray variations: Adjustable from jet to mist 

What We Like

• High-quality materials; made with durable brushed steel and brass 
• Loop integrated for the holding trigger; keeps the water running without having to grip the trigger 
• Connects easily to standard garden hoses without leaking 

What We Don’t Like

• Trigger may be on the short side for some users’ preferences 

Right out of the package, the Esow hose nozzle displayed high-end workmanship. Its smooth steel exterior features a brushed finish for an ultrasmooth feel, and its solid brass nozzle tip turned smoothly. There was no mistaking the quality—it simply felt good to hold.

While it’s a basic hose nozzle in design, it features brass and zinc-alloy construction to resist corrosion and make it durable and impact resistant. Its pistol-grip and fine-tune nozzle adjustment make it well suited for multiple uses, from misting the flower bed to washing the car. The spraying patterns range from a jet stream for high pressure to a fan spray for covering a wide area. 

It connected easily to our hose, and we didn’t detect any leaks. However, the downside to this nozzle is the length of the trigger. Maybe we just have big hands, but the trigger is barely over 2 inches long with room for only two fingers. If we didn’t use the loop to hold the trigger in the “on” position, our fingers got a little sore after about 10 minutes of constant watering. Other than that, however, this is a top-notch hose nozzle. 

Get the Esow hose nozzle at Amazon.

Best for Pots

Dramm One-Touch Rain Wand

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Our Ratings: Comfort 5/5; Ease of Use 4/5; Effectiveness 3/5; Durability 3/5; Value 3.5/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Wand
• Material: Aluminum, rubber coating
• Spray variations: Shower (not adjustable) 

What We Like

• Long 16-inch wand for ample maneuverability in hard-to-reach places 
• Optimal for watering pots, washing the car, and/or cleaning the exterior of a home 
• Nonslip grip can be held comfortably for long periods of time without fatigue 

What We Don’t Like

• Only 1 spray pattern integrated; not as versatile as some other comparable options 

The Dramm rain wand has only one spray pattern: a gentle shower that’s just the ticket for watering potted plants. Those who have tried watering potted flowers and shrubs will likely agree that most other spray patterns are either too robust, too wide, or otherwise not well suited to pot watering. 

This product delivers a wonderful shower, and the pressure is controlled by a thumb lever at the top of an ergonomic, nonslip handle. The wand features a sloped head that let us reach overhead baskets without accidentally spraying on the other side. 

Those in the market for an adjustable spray pattern nozzle may want to look at other options, but folks who have a lot of pots to water will likely be quite happy with this Dramm wand. It’s simple to use and the gentle rain-like, pot-pleasing spray pattern never changes. 

Get the Dramm one-touch hose nozzle at Amazon.

Best Heavy Use

Fanhao Garden Hose Nozzle

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Our Ratings: Comfort 2/5; Ease of Use 5/5; Effectiveness 5/5; Durability 5/5; Value 3.9/5

Product Specs 

• Type: Pistol
• Material: Brushed steel, brass, rubber coating
• Spray variations: 7 (center, flat, jet, shower, mist, cone, and full) 

What We Like

• Comes with 7 spray patterns; center, flat, jet, shower, mist, cone, and full
• Easy to connect to any standard garden hose without leaking 
• All-steel body components are durable enough to withstand frequent or heavy-duty use 

What We Don’t Like

• No rubberized grip; may be harsh on the hands after extended use 

Those looking for a heavy-duty hose nozzle won’t be disappointed with this Fanhao model. This nozzle features all-steel body components for durability and a high-density molded-plastic spray adjustment ring covered with rubberized nonslip coating. The sprayer’s brushed-steel finish is soft to the touch, and the trigger, which is nice and long for secure gripping, can be held in place while watering via an attached steel loop at the bottom of the handle. 

We liked the high-end construction of the Fanhao spray nozzle, although we would have appreciated a nonslip grip on the handle to match the one on the adjustment ring. When water from the spigot is bitterly cold, the chilly temp transfers through the steel handle of this sprayer, so a coated grip would have been nice. (Tip: Wear gardening gloves for a thermal-resistant barrier between the cold steel and hands). 

The Fanhao spray nozzle features seven spray patterns; center, flat, jet, shower, mist, cone, and full. Each one was distinct and functioned well without drips. Water pressure can be controlled with the hand trigger. This sprayer is well-made and designed to stand up to heavy use. If you want a spray nozzle that’s likely to last, it’s hard to go wrong with this one.

Get the Fanhao hose nozzle at Amazon.

Jump To Our Top Picks

How We Tested the Best Hose Nozzles

Hose nozzles are simple watering tools, but one that dribbles, leaks, or doesn’t spray as it should can be frustrating and take the fun out of gardening. Our goal in testing the top hose nozzle available today was to determine which performed best and which were well suited for various watering tasks. 

We examined each hose nozzle before use and read any accompanying information to make sure we fully understood its purpose and capabilities. To ensure they were working as intended, we checked all the moving parts—handles, spray selection rings, dials, and valves. We inspected the quality of the materials to help estimate potential durability. 

We attached each nozzle to the end of a standard garden hose and turned the water pressure up all the way (approximately 55 pounds per square inch, or PSI). We checked for leaks at the connection point as well as from the tip of the nozzle when using each of the available spray functions. 

We scored each nozzle using a rubric—awarding points between 0 and 4, depending on how well it performed. At the end of the testing, we added up the points and used them to categorize each nozzle for its best use. 

What to Consider When Choosing a Hose Nozzle

There are several things to keep in mind when it comes to selecting the best garden hose nozzles, but perhaps the single most important criteria is how you plan to use it. For example, a high-pressure nozzle that’s great for washing siding won’t deliver water optimally in the garden. We considered each of the following factors—and tested them when possible—to give our readers up-to-date information about each nozzle on our list.

Plastic vs. Metal 

Anything stored outside must endure a lot of wear and tear. However, hoses and their nozzles must withstand more than natural weathering; nozzles in particular may get dropped on hard surfaces or stepped on accidentally.

Plastic can crack when dropped and break down after prolonged sun exposure, while metal better stands up to impacts and the elements. Brass is a preferred material for metal hose nozzles due to its ability to resist corrosion. Some metal nozzles are dipped in a rubberlike coating, and others have a baked-on enamel finish; both methods add durability, protection, and longevity. 

For dependability and durability, avoid nozzles made entirely of plastic and consider metal or a plastic-and-metal hybrid. With inner components made of metal and exteriors constructed of molded plastic, hybrids are often lighter than their all-metal counterparts.

Spray Pattern 

In addition to water pressure adjustments, most hose nozzles come with adjustable spray patterns that allow users to change the amount and direction of the spray to match the specific watering situation. Need to water a pot? Just switch to the “shower” or “rain” option on the nozzle. Want to wash muddy paw prints from the patio? Switch to the nozzle’s jet function and spray the mess away.

If you’re looking for a versatile hose nozzle, one with a dial for switching between different spray patterns may be a good option. A dial generally provides a range of patterns, from a gentle mist perfect for moistening seeds to a high-pressure jet stream that blasts caked mud off the sidewalk. In addition to mist and jet, these nozzles often have several other patterns, including:

• Shower is ideal for watering the garden and container plantings.
• Flat is designed for fragile plants and young seedlings. 
• Cone offers the excellent coverage needed when watering the lawn before a fertilizer application, for instance.
• Soak is designed for watering large trees and shrubs. 

While these nozzles offer ample flexibility, if the large range of options is more than you need, a fitting alternative may be a basic metal nozzle that adjusts the spray from a fine mist to a powerful stream with a simple twist. 

Pistol vs. Dial 

The pistol grip is the most common type of hose nozzle; it has a squeeze trigger that activates water flow. When the trigger is released, the water flow stops. The amount of pressure applied to the trigger adjusts the water flow. Rotating a tiny flow adjuster above the trigger changes the spray from a mist to a jet stream. 

A dial nozzle suits those who want more options. The dial usually includes six or more spray patterns, which are adjustable with the turn of the dial on the front of the nozzle. This nozzle type might have a pistol grip or a simple molded handle with a button or a slider to adjust water flow. Both types allow the user to direct the water where needed rather than using a sprinkler that tends to oversoak one area while neglecting another. 

The Wand Alternative 

Nozzles suit many gardeners for a host of outdoor tasks. But for watering hanging baskets and plants in hard-to-reach places, or for those with physical limitations that make bending difficult, a watering wand might be an excellent solution. Like nozzles, wands come in numerous models, but their length sets them apart. Wands may be anywhere from 10 inches to 25 inches long, and some come with a hooked sprayer head to direct water downward into the pot when watering overhead.

Available in fixed length or telescoping, watering wands can have a single pattern spray head or a dial adjuster at the end. Some have a pistol grip to squeeze with one hand, and others use a button or slider to adjust the water flow. 

Another helpful feature included with some wands is a stop-valve trigger near the grip that lets the user control water flow from the watering wand, saving the walk to the faucet to turn it on and off. 

Ergonomics 

Ergonomic hand tools are designed to help users work pain-free. Comfort is an asset for anyone doing yard work and especially those with arthritis or strength issues in their hands and wrists. For example, maintaining constant pressure on a pistol or a trigger grip can take a toll on the hands, so many of the best garden hose nozzles are designed to stave off hand and wrist fatigue. 

No-press grips allow changing water flow with a simple button or a slider that can be manipulated with a thumb. Trigger nozzles often include a metal loop at the top of the trigger that can lock the handle in the spray position and take the pressure off a hand. 

Weight is another important consideration. All-metal construction nozzles, while very durable, are heavier than a hybrid made of metal and plastic. 

Hose Compatibility

There are more types of hoses than the one that hooks to a lawn and garden hose. Gardeners in the U.S. use a completely different hose thread system than everywhere else in the world, so compatibility with the hose on a hose reel is key. 

Nozzles sold to U.S. customers feature the standard garden hose thread (GHT) of ¾ inch. This means that the end of the hose has 11½ threads per inch and features a 1/16-inch thread pitch, which is the angle of the threads. 

For basic hose nozzles sold outside of the United States, the common thread in these countries is based on British Standard Pipe (BSP). These fittings are ¾ inch in diameter, and they feature 14 threads per inch. 

There also are quick-connect fittings that allow the user to snap a nozzle on and off a hose without unscrewing it. These nozzles will only work with quick-connect fittings on a hose, and they may not be necessary for the average gardener.

FAQs 

After learning about the different features of hose nozzles, some new questions might spring up. After all, there are a lot of choices on the market, and you still might not be sure which garden hose nozzle is ideal for you. This section aims to offer that info, as it answers some of the most frequently asked questions about the best hose nozzles.

Meet the Tester

Glenda Taylor is a product tester and writer specializing in the construction, remodeling, and real estate industries. She and her husband own a general contracting company, and Taylor is experienced in both residential and commercial building applications. She tests a wide range of power tools as well as other home improvement, household, and lawn-and-garden products.

The post The Best Hose Nozzles for Leak-Free Gardening, Tested appeared first on Bob Vila.

As a result of our efforts, we found eight organic weed killers we feel confident recommending. Of those, our favorite is the Green Gobbler 20% Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer, a formula that’s easy to apply, works quickly, and is certified for organic use. Rather than spraying your garden with conventional herbicides full of toxic chemicals that do more harm than good, this and the rest of the best organic weed killers we selected use natural ingredients that work while keeping food, kids, and pets safe.

1. BEST OVERALL: Green Gobbler 20% Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer
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2. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Natural Armor 30% Home & Garden Vinegar
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3. BEST SPRAY: Natria Grass & Weed Control With Root Kill
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4. BEST CONCENTRATE: Bonide Captain Jack’s Deadweed Brew Concentrate
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5. BEST SPOT TREATMENT: Sunday Weed Warrior
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6. BEST MULTIPURPOSE: Earthborn Elements Pure Borax Powder
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7. BEST FOR GRAVEL: Ortho GroundClear Weed & Grass Killer
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8. ALSO CONSIDER: Eco Living Solutions Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer
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Before You Buy an Organic Weed Killer

The best organic weed killers are a one-step way to remove unwanted weeds like dandelions, poison ivy, and more. But they may not give you the results you’re after since they’re typically nonselective, meaning they can kill all the plants in vegetable gardens, flower beds, and grassy areas in addition to weeds. More traditional methods, such as pulling weeds by hand or using a weeding tool, may provide better weed control for lawns and spaces where you want more control over which plants you eradicate.

Organic Weed Killer Comparison Chart

Our Top Picks

The following organic weed killers made our list because they’re potent enough to kill weeds naturally without the use of harmful chemicals that can contaminate fruits and vegetables or leave environmentally damaging residues behind. Choosing the best organic weed killer from these options depends on individual needs and weed types needing removal.

Best Overall

Green Gobbler 20% Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer

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What We Like

• Organic Material Review Institute (OMRI)-listed for organic use
• Spray application makes it easier to be precise
• Starts working within 24 hours of application 

What We Don’t Like

• May not totally eliminate particularly stubborn weeds

Specs

• Type: Spray
• Size: 1 gallon; other sizes available 
• Formula: Nonselective; acetic acid

Crabgrass, dandelions, thistles, and other weeds are history with just a spritz of OMRI-listed Green Gobbler vinegar weed and grass killer. Derived from corn, this natural acetic acid herbicide is nonselective, meaning it kills all vegetation it’s applied to with a turnaround time of 24 hours. The easy-to-use spray attachment that comes with the gallon bottle makes application a cinch, and larger quantities are available without the extra nozzle for use as refills.

Green Gobbler is especially beneficial along fence lines, around patios and pool areas, and in mulched flower beds where common weeds and grasses tend to sprout most. Just use care not to spray it on desirable plantings because they, too, will die.

Get the Green Gobbler organic weed killer at Amazon, The Home Depot, or Green Gobbler. 

Best Bang for the Buck

Natural Armor 30% Home & Garden Vinegar

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What We Like

• 6 times more potent than comparable formulas 
• Comes with an attachable trigger sprayer
• Ideal for large areas needing extensive weed control 

What We Don’t Like

• Sprayer clogs sometimes

Specs

• Type: Spray
• Size: 1 gallon; other sizes available
• Formula: Nonselective; acetic acid

To control weeds without spending a lot of cash, consider this Natural Armor concentrate. It’s available in an economical 1-gallon jug (as well as other sizes), comes at an attractive price, and contains vinegar that’s six times more potent than the household variety. This pet-safe weed killer can be applied using the attachable trigger sprayer, poured into a smaller spray bottle, or used with a pump-type garden sprayer. 

Natural Armor’s industrial-strength organic weed killer contains only pure and natural ingredients that are environmentally safe. It’s a nonselective vegetation killer that’s well suited for lawn edging and removing weeds from fence lines, between sidewalk cracks, and among patio pavers. This vinegar weed killer spray can also be used to clean mossy stone garden statues and outdoor ornaments.

Get the Natural Armor organic weed killer at Amazon or Natural Armor.

Best Spray

Natria Grass & Weed Control With Root Kill Herbicide

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What We Like

• Ready-to-use formula 
• Ideal for cracks in pavement, edging, and more 
• Precise spray applicator enables use as a weed killer for lawns

What We Don’t Like

• Requires a relatively thick coating to work

Specs

• Type: Spray
• Size: 24 ounces; other sizes available
• Formula: Nonselective; ammoniated soap

No need to mix or pour this Natria weed remover spray into another container—it comes in its own spray bottle and comes ready to apply. Unlike our two top picks, this option uses ammoniated soap of fatty acids, a natural ingredient that penetrates weed foliage to destroy the plant. Like our other recommendations, however, it’s also nonselective, so it shouldn’t be applied on a windy day if desirable plants are nearby. 

For best results, Natria recommends you apply enough of this organic product to fully saturate the weed’s foliage. The herbicide will then travel through the foliage and stems to the roots, destroying the weed completely and preventing regrowth. Though it’s a strong weed killer, Natria won’t contaminate soil, meaning gardeners can safely sow seeds 5 days after use.

Get the Natria organic weed killer (various sizes) at Amazon, Lowe’s, or Ace Hardware.

Best Concentrate

Bonide Captain Jack’s Deadweed Brew Concentrate

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What We Like

• Withers broadleaf or grassy weeds within hours
• 32-ounce concentrate makes more than 8 gallons of product
• Waterproof once dried 

What We Don’t Like

• Requires dilution and a container for application

Specs

• Type: Liquid concentrate
• Size: 32 ounces; other sizes available
• Formula: Nonselective; caprylic acid and capric acid

When it comes to making weed killers, Bonide has an excellent reputation, and this concentrate is no exception. It’s available in a couple of sizes, and the 32-ounce container of this organic weed killer is enough for over 8 gallons of diluted product. It’s easy to apply using a standard handheld or backpack sprayer, and once it dries, it’s waterproof for extended effectiveness. 

The chemical-conscious consumer can have peace of mind from this product as it is made with coconut and palm kernel oils, both capable of killing grassy and broadleaf weeds, moss, and algae. It is also suitable for applying to patios, walkways, driveways, fences, foundations, and more in temperatures as low as 40 degrees Fahrenheit. However, given that it is a nonselective option, it may not be safe for use directly on gardens or beloved plants. But, it can be used at a safe distance around these areas to kill harmful weeds and grasses. 

What our tester says: “We tried Deadweed Brew as part of our best weed killer tests by broadcasting it over a row of weeds growing between tire tracks on a gravel driveway. Within 4 hours, the weed zone had turned a pale greenish brown, and by the next morning, all the weeds were completely dead.”—Mark Wolfe, Product Reviews tester and writer 

Get the Bonide organic weed killer at Amazon, The Home Depot, or Bonide.

Best Spot Treatment

Sunday Weed Warrior

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What We Like

• Easy to apply herbicidal soap kills grassy weeds
• Results start to appear in just 20 minutes
• OMRI-listed for safe organic use 

What We Don’t Like

• May require periodic reapplication

Specs

• Type: Spray
• Size: Two 32-ounce bottles; other sizes available
• Formula: Nonselective; ammoniated soap 

Sunday’s Weed Warrior is an herbicidal soap made from fatty acids designed to tackle grassy weeds, mosses, and algae. It works by breaking down the waxy coating that protects plants, leading to rapid dehydration and death. After application, you should start seeing visible results in about 20 minutes. 

As a nonselective killer, this isn’t a good weed killer for lawns since it will kill your grass, too. However, it’s quite effective as a spot treatment along sidewalks, next to flower beds, and near concrete patios via precise application using the spray bottle. Those needing to treat larger areas will be pleased to know there are refill sizes available, including a gallon jug that has a convenient sprayer wand. 

What our tester says: “The fact that I was so impressed with the Weed Warrior spot treatment that I bought the concentrated pouches to weed large areas is a testament to the product’s effectiveness.”—Daryna Tobey, Product Reviews tester and writer

Read our full review: Sunday Lawn Care Review 

Get the Sunday organic weed killer (various sizes) at Amazon, The Home Depot, Walmart, or Sunday.

Best Multipurpose

Earthborn Elements Pure Borax Powder

See It

What We Like

• Can be mixed to varying strengths for different needs
• Durable, resealable container is easy to store safely
• Great for flower beds, driveways, and stepping stones 

What We Don’t Like

• Finding the right strength may require some tinkering

Specs

• Type: Powder
• Size: 1 gallon; other sizes available 
• Formula: Nonselective; sodium borate

Multipurpose borax can kill weeds, control unwanted insects, and boost laundry detergent—and it’s the active ingredient in Earthborn Elements borax powder. Borax, short for “sodium borate,” is a natural mineral mined in desert regions, including California’s Death Valley. 

To use, mix with water at a ratio of 10 ounces of borax to ½ cup of hot water, stirring until the powder dissolves. Next, further dilute the solution by pouring it into 2½ gallons of water, then spray it directly on weeds with a spray bottle or pump-type garden sprayer. Like many other natural weed killers, borax is nonselective, so you’ll want to take care to spray weeds only on a calm day to protect desirable plants. 

Get the Earthborn Elements organic weed killer at Amazon or Earthborn Elements.

Best for Gravel

Ortho GroundClear Weed & Grass Killer

See It

What We Like

• Listed by OMRI for safe organic use
• Results appear in about 15 minutes
• Battery-powered sprayer covers gravel pads quickly

What We Don’t Like

• Sprayer tube sometimes becomes disconnected

Specs

• Type: Comfort wand spray
• Size: 1 gallon; other sizes available
• Formula: Nonselective; ammonium nonanoate

Though we’ve yet to test it as a weed killer for gravel, we can hardly wait to unleash Ortho GroundClear’s battery-powered sprayer on our weed-prone gravel parking pad. Since this gravel area sits somewhat close to a drainage ditch, we’re careful about how we care for it, so the fact that this weed and grass killer is OMRI-certified is ideal. We also appreciate that the sprayer wand has adjustable settings to enable more precise application in mulched garden beds and alongside landscaped spaces. 

Once applied, GroundClear gets to work, destroying plants’ cell membranes to cause dehydration and death in about 15 minutes. Though larger and more stubborn weeds may take a bit longer to die, this rainproof spray provides lasting effects that help prevent unwanted plants from coming back. 

Get the Ortho organic weed killer (various sizes) at Amazon, Lowe’s, Tractor Supply Co., Ace Hardware, The Home Depot, Walmart, or Ortho.

Also Consider

Eco Living Solutions Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer

See It

What We Like

• Listed by OMRI for safe organic use
• Results appear in about 15 minutes
• Battery-powered sprayer covers gravel pads quickly

What We Don’t Like

• Sprayer tube sometimes becomes disconnected

Specs

• Type: Comfort wand spray
• Size: 1 gallon; other sizes available
• Formula: Nonselective; ammonium nonanoate

The Eco Living Solutions vinegar weed and grass killer contains high-strength vinegar for effective natural foliage eradication. It comes ready to use and should be sprayed full strength on weeds until foliage is saturated. It’s nonselective, so take care not to let overspray get on desirable plantings.

For those looking to get rid of grass, this product also works as an organic weed killer for lawns., making it an eco-friendly way to transition to xeriscape landscaping. Safe for honey bees, soil, and groundwater, it contains no harmful or toxic ingredients and can be applied to weeds in vegetable gardens or around fruiting vines. One gallon of this ready-to-use weed killer treats 1,000 square feet, and it also comes in a larger size to cover a greater area. Results start to show in as little as 24 hours, and no retreating is necessary.

Get the Eco Garden Pro organic weed killer at Amazon or Eco Living Solutions.

Or, DIY Your Own Organic Weed Killer 

If you prefer the DIY approach to killing weeds, you can make a weed killer using basic essentials you likely already have in your kitchen. Here’s Bob Vila’s favorite nonherbicide weed killer recipe.

In a large bowl, combine: 

• 1 gallon of white household vinegar 
• 1 cup of salt 
• 1 tablespoon of dish soap 

After combining the ingredients, pour the DIY weed killer into a spray bottle or sprayer and apply. This homemade weed killer recipe will create a full gallon of foolproof organic weed killer that can be applied to large or small patches of weeds. 

If possible, try to apply this weirdly effective weeding solution when it is sunny to help dry out and shrivel the weeds. The combination of the weed killer and the sun will attack the weeds’ root systems and speed up the process.

For other ways to kill weeds without buying a weed killer, check out this list of homemade weed killer pros and cons. It details everything we like and don’t about popular DIY weed removal tactics. 

Our Verdict

Our top pick, the Green Gobbler 20% Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer, is less toxic than traditional formulas, while the Earthborn Elements Pure Borax Powder is a great multipurpose choice. Popular lawn and garden options from Roundup and Ortho weren’t listed because they didn’t meet our sustainability guidelines—each contains ingredients like glyphosate 2,4D that have harmful environmental effects.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Chose the Best Organic Weed Killers

Our list of recommendations is the result of an in-depth exploration of organic weed killers, which are more environmentally friendly products for killing weeds than conventional herbicides. It includes picks for specific categories so shoppers have more targeted options for their needs as well as products that come in different sizes with varying application methods for both expansive coverage and occasional spot treatment. 

Several of our recommendations are vinegar solutions of varying concentrations because vinegar kills weeds effectively without causing environmental harm. Depending on the specific weed problem, products with either 20 percent or 30 percent acetic acid will be appropriate.

What to Consider When Choosing an Organic Weed Killer

Before buying a weed killer, shoppers will want to investigate ingredients and read labels to determine whether the product will kill only specific weeds or affect all vegetation. It’s also a good idea to be mindful of the difference between organic herbicides that kill existing weeds and those that stop weed seeds from sprouting.

Pre-Emergent vs. Post-Emergent

Like chemical weed killers, organic herbicides are available in two types: pre-emergent and post-emergent. Herbicides that are pre-emergent destroy seeds or prevent them from sprouting, while the post-emergent kind kills or inhibits weeds that have already sprouted and are growing.

The difference between the two is crucial because once a pre-emergent product is sprayed on the soil, it will prevent all seeds from sprouting there—whether those of common weeds, plants you never knew were weeds, or desirable plants and flowers. While this type of spray will inhibit weed growth alongside fence lines, driveways, and patios, if any of it lands near a plot of soil intended for flowers or a vegetable garden, it’s unlikely that any seeds planted there will sprout.

Selective vs. Nonselective

A selective weed killer will destroy only specific types of weeds but not others. For example, organic herbicides developed for lawns likely target broadleaf weeds, such as chickweed and clover, but they won’t damage turf-type grasses like Bermuda grass. 

Nonselective weed killers will kill all vegetation—both weeds and desirable plants—so gardeners should use them with caution. If you’re trying to get rid of dandelions that have spread throughout your lawn, remember that spraying or broadcasting a nonselective weed killer will kill the grass along with the weeds. 

When it comes to natural herbicides, users have very few selective products to choose from; the majority are nonselective and designed to kill most forms of vegetation. They can be used between sidewalk cracks or patio pavers or to create fence lines but shouldn’t be used near desirable plants and flowers, especially on windy days.

Ingredients

True to form, organic weed killers will not have toxic ingredients. Shoppers looking for lawn-care items to start or maintain a garden may be surprised to find several household ingredients, such as vinegar, salt, and corn, present in some organic weed killers. Other beneficial ingredients include soaps and essential oils, such as cinnamon or clove. 

Lesser-known ingredients, like citric acid, caprylic acid (a coconut oil derivative), and D-limonene (derived from citrus fruits), also feature prominently in many organic weed killers. For added benefits, manufacturers may combine two or more of the above ingredients to control specific types of weeds.

Form

Natural weed-killing products are available in various forms, with some better suited to specific types of applications. 

• Spray: Easy to use and offering uniform coverage, most sprays are designed for direct application to the weed’s foliage. Spraying should be avoided on windy days to avoid harming desirable plants.
• Liquid concentrate: For those with large crops or heavy weed infestation, a liquid concentrate may be best. It can be diluted with water and easily applied over large areas with a pump-type garden sprayer.
• Powder: Meant for broadcasting over specific areas, powder herbicides can also get carried by the wind and inadvertently kill nearby plants.
• Salts: Products containing salt will kill plants, so be careful when using them. Salt makes soil infertile, and it can take years to leach it out. Salt-based nontoxic weed killers are often best for patio pavers or sidewalk joints rather than flower beds.

FAQs

If you’re switching from a traditional weed killer to an organic type, you may still have questions. Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about organic weed killers.

The post 8 Organic Weed Killers That Are Safe for Organic Gardening and the Environment appeared first on Bob Vila.

In addition to the units we tested, several others met our high standards for quality, safety, and innovation, and we’ve included them here as well. Keep reading to learn more about how the following models earned their spots on our lineup of the best bathroom heaters. 

1. BEST OVERALL: Dreo Wall-Mount Space Heater
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2. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Lasko 1500W Bathroom Space Heater
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3. BEST FOR DRESSING ZONE: Lasko MyHeat Personal Mini Space Heater
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4. BEST OSCILLATING: Dreo Solaris Slim H3 Space Heater With ALCI
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5. BEST QUIET: DeLonghi Bathroom Safe 1200W Radiant Heater
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6. BEST CEILING-MOUNTED: Panasonic WhisperWarm DC Fan/Heater
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7. BEST FAN: Stiebel Eltron Wall-Mounted Electric Fan Heater
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8. BEST RECESSED: Broan-NuTone Comfort-Flo Wall Heater
   ↓ Jump to Review

Bathroom Heaters Comparison Chart

Our Top Picks

We tested the first four bathroom heaters on this list, and you’ll find a variety of options suited for various types of bathroom layouts and budgets. From wall-mount models that don’t take up floor space to small personal options for dressing nooks, these are some of the best bathroom heaters for keeping your space comfy. 

Best Overall

Dreo Wall-Mount Space Heater

See It

What We Like

• Wall-mounted convenience
• Smart app integration 
• Fast heating performance
• Safe for bathrooms

What We Don’t Like

• Location depends on outlet placement

Specs 

• Type: Wall-mount
• Maximum power consumption: 1500W
• Heat control: Onboard, Remote, Smart (app)

Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Performance 5/5; Functionality 4.8/5; Noise 4.8/5; Value 4.8/5 

Dreo has a winner with the Dreo WH517S smart space heater. We liked being able to hang this space heater on the wall, where it was up and out of the way, rather than sitting on a wet bathroom floor. Installation was simple: Dreo included a mounting template that indicated the location for the screws, and best of all, the template came with a bubble level so that we could ensure the heater would be perfectly straight.

Setting up the app was a snap. All we had to do was plug the Dreo WH517S into the wall socket and turn it on. We already had the Dreo app on our smartphone, which immediately recognized the heater. If you don’t have the app, a QR code walks you through the steps.

We tested the space heater in a small, 65-square-foot bathroom located at the end of an HVAC duct run, so it always felt cold during the winter—until now. On a day when the outdoor temperatures were in the single digits, the WH517S raised the bathroom’s temperature from a chilly 58 degrees to 70 degrees in about 20 minutes. 

This heater also comes with an ALCI plug option capable of shutting the heater off when it senses abnormal electric flow. It also has an IP24 rating, so it can take an occasional splash of water. In homes with small children, this heater can be mounted high on the wall for added safety. 

What our tester says: “On winter mornings, I love being able to turn on the heater in the bathroom from my smartphone without having to get out of bed. Just 15 minutes and the bathroom is warm and comfortable for my shower.” —Glenda Taylor, Product Reviews tester and writer

Get the Dreo Wall-Mount bathroom heater at Amazon or Dreo.

Best Bang for the Buck

Lasko 1500W Bathroom Space Heater

See It

What We Like

• Affordable, compact, and lightweight
• Heats very quickly
• Built-in 1-hour timer
• ALCI safety plug

What We Don’t Like

• Limited control features

Specs 

• Type: Portable
• Maximum power consumption: 1500W
• Heat control: Onboard button (high, low, and 1-hour timer)

Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4/5; Performance 4.5/5; Functionality 4.5/5; Noise 4/5; Value 4.3/5 

You don’t have to spend a lot to warm up a chilly bathroom. The Lasko 1500W bathroom space heater is compact, comes with an ALCI safety plug, and best of all, is affordable. 

This Lasko heater doesn’t have many bells and whistles, but it’s a solid pick to heat a small- to medium-size bathroom. It measures just 8 inches tall by 6.25 inches wide and weighs just 3.35 pounds, making it small enough to sit on a bathroom shelf or countertop. 

In our tests, this budget-friendly heater raised the temperature of our bathroom by 10 degrees in under 30 minutes when we ran it on high. We liked the option of choosing high or low power, and the heater’s 1-hour setting ensures it won’t continue to produce heat after an hour if someone leaves it running. 

It comes with a cool-touch case that didn’t get hot after an hour of running the heater on high, but the grille on the front of the heater did get hot, so we’d suggest locating this bathroom heater out of the reach of pets and little hands. 

Get the Lasko 1500W bathroom heater at Amazon, The Home Depot, or Walmart.

Best for Dressing Zone

Lasko MyHeat Personal Mini Space Heater

See It

What We Like

• Super compact and space-saving
• Small space heater with compact footprint
• Simple one-button operation
• Cool-touch exterior
• Low-wattage heater

What We Don’t Like

• No ALCI plug; use in dry areas only
• Limited heat range

Specs 

• Type: Portable
• Maximum power consumption: 200W
• Heat control: Onboard button (on/off)

Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Performance 4/5; Functionality 4.8/5; Noise 4/5; Value 4.5/5 

For those short on bathroom space but needing some added warmth in a dry area, such as a changing corner, dressing zone, or wardrobe nook, the super-compact Lasko MyHeat personal heater is a great option. 

It doesn’t come with an ALCI plug, so it’s not suitable for areas in the bathroom that are prone to occasional splashes, and it’s not powerful enough to raise the temperature of a large bathroom quickly, but in our test bathroom, after 45 minutes, the temperature climbed 10 degrees. We felt the most warmth within 3 to 4 feet of the front of the Lasko heater. 

Still, it’s a nice little unit that offers just the right amount of warmth for small spaces. It’s simple to operate with a single on/off button on the front, and the cool-touch case keeps the sides and back from getting uncomfortably hot. We found the perfect spot for the Lasko MyHeat–plugged in under our dressing area bench. No more cold feet while putting on socks!

What our tester says: “I love that despite its compact size, this little Lasko bathroom heater can create real warmth. When I need spot-warming, this is the one I turn to.” —Glenda Taylor, Product Reviews tester and writer

Get the Lasko MyHeat bathroom heater at Amazon, Walmart, or Best Buy.

Best Oscillating

Dreo Solaris Slim H3 Space Heater With ALCI

See It

What We Like

• 70-degree oscillation 
• Thermostat, timer, and remote
• ALCI safety plug 
• Overheating and tip-over protection

What We Don’t Like

• Controls aren’t entirely intuitive
• No integrated cord keeper

Specs 

• Type: Portable
• Maximum power consumption: 1500W
• Heat control: Digital thermostat with 1-degree increments

Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4.5/5; Performance 5/5; Functionality 5/5; Noise 5/5; Value 4.5/5 

Thanks to its quiet operation, effective heating, and feature-rich design, this slim and stylish Dreo heater earned nearly perfect marks in all our tests. Though it weighs under 5 pounds and isn’t even 6 inches in diameter, it had no difficulty warming spaces significantly larger than its 200-square-foot recommended area. For that reason, we especially appreciate that it comes with a remote with an impressive 26-foot range, as we regularly have to turn it off during our baths in order to keep ourselves from getting too warm. 

Still, remotes are fairly commonplace for these types of appliances, so Dreo upped the ante by adding 70-degree oscillation, a 12-hour timer, a programmable thermostat, three heat settings, and fan-only operation. The heater also features an ALCI plug, V-0 flame-retardant construction, overheating and tip-over protection, and an inline carry handle. While it did take us a bit of fumbling to figure out this unit’s touch-control buttons at first, it wasn’t so complicated that we needed to consult the manual, and we’ve now used it without issue almost every day for nearly 2 months. 

Get the Dreo Solaris bathroom heater at Amazon or Dreo.

More Great Options

The following bathroom heaters were not personally tested, but we chose them for our lineup based on their quality, features, and consumer ratings. If you’re still looking for the right model, you’ll likely find it here.

Best Quiet

DeLonghi Bathroom Safe 1200W Radiant Heater

See It

What We Like

• Completely silent radiator heater
• Fitted with a GFCI safety plug
• Offers three power settings plus programmable timer
• Built-in carry handles 

What We Don’t Like

• Heating is slow

Specs 

• Type: Oil-filled radiator
• Maximum power consumption: 1200W
• Heat control: 3-stage thermostat

Oil-filled radiators have long been silent heating options, but power-hungry devices have replaced them to a large extent. Still, we like the idea of this one, a lighter, maneuverable radiator from DeLonghi that weighs only 7.8 pounds. And, with a choice of three heat settings (1200W on high, 700W on medium, and 500W on low), it can be more economical than its predecessors.

It features a manually programmable timer with a 24-hour range that looks old-school but reportedly works flawlessly. The 8-fin design increases surface area so it heats consistently but without the surface getting scorching hot. We’re glad DeLonghi included a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) safety plug, which makes this radiator a good choice for bathrooms. 

While the DeLonghi heater is a completely silent option, it does heat up a bit slowly, so the timer is useful for preheating the bathroom before use. We think this pick would be an excellent option for a central bathroom that’s used frequently by family members.

Get the DeLonghi bathroom heater at Amazon, Tractor Supply Co., Wayfair, or The Home Depot.

Best Ceiling-Mounted

Panasonic WhisperWarm DC Fan/Heater

See It

What We Like

• Combines bathroom exhaust fan and heater
• Intelligent electronically commutated motor (ECM) 
• Smartflow technology helps maximize performance 
• Adjustable grille has a built-in diffuser 

What We Don’t Like

• Professional installation is recommended

Specs 

• Type: Ceiling-mounted
• Maximum power consumption: 1600W
• Heat control: Wired wall switch

A ceiling-mounted bathroom heater doesn’t use up valuable floor or wall space, and when properly installed, there should be no safety issues. The Panasonic WhisperWarm goes one better by integrating a bathroom vent with a heater in a single low-profile unit.

We like the exhaust fan, which can be set to run at 50, 80, or 110 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to suit a variety of room sizes. The heater has a fixed output of 1600W but can be connected to a thermostat, allowing full control over room warmth. The Panasonic WhisperWarm uses the brand’s own intelligent DC motor, making it an energy-efficient space heater. The grille can be adjusted to direct warm air.

A Flex-Z fast bracket is designed to simplify installation, and the Panasonic can be fitted to either 4-inch or 6-inch ducting. A dimmable LED is also an option (though at extra cost). If a ceiling-mount heater isn’t already installed, we suggest hiring an electrician, because this unit requires a dedicated electric circuit.

Get the Panasonic bathroom heater at Amazon, Lowe’s, or The Home Depot.

Best Fan

Stiebel Eltron Wall-Mounted Electric Fan Heater

See It

What We Like

• Downdraft fan design for quick heating
• 60-minute boost timer 
• Relatively quiet 49 decibels

What We Don’t Like

• Must be hardwired; professional installation recommended

Specs 

• Type: Wall-mounted
• Maximum power consumption: 1500W
• Heat control: Manual thermostat

The main draw of a bathroom heater with a fan is to spread the heat as rapidly as possible around the room, but a downside can be extra noise. The Stiebel Eltron wall heater is different in that it delivers warmth quickly while running at just 49 decibels, which is about the level of a modern refrigerator.

Its maximum output is 1500W, which Stiebel Eltron rates as sufficient for rooms up to 150 square feet. A built-in thermostat regulates performance, and we like its 60-minute boost timer, with the unit automatically reverting to its previous setting at the end of the period. There is also a frost protection setting and an on/off switch that shuts down the whole unit to prevent accidental use.

Keep in mind that this is a hardwired unit, so it can’t simply plug into an outlet. If there’s no existing hardwired heater, professional installation is a good idea.

Get the Stiebel Eltron bathroom heater at Amazon or The Home Depot.

Best Recessed

Broan-NuTone Comfort-Flo Wall Heater

See It

What We Like

• Fits discreetly into the wall 
• The louvers help spread warm air
• Durable steel construction 
• Wipe-clean white enamel finish

What We Don’t Like

• Single output level only
• Professional installation recommended

Specs 

• Type: Wall-mounted
• Maximum power consumption: 1500W
• Heat control: Manual thermostat

Wall heaters for bathrooms can save valuable floor space, but they can also butt into the room, providing a frustrating obstacle. The Broan-NuTone Comfort-Flo is a recessed or in-wall bathroom heater that provides a low-profile solution that we love for small bathrooms where space is at a premium. The louvers direct the heat flow downwards, helping to spread warmth evenly, and a front-mounted knob controls the built-in thermostat.

The Broan-NuTone Comfort-Flo is factory-wired at 1500W and 120 volts. It can be converted to 750W at 120 volts or 1500W at 240 volts, which may suit some installations. Note that the choice of watts is final; it does not offer two output levels. Installation is fairly straightforward, but we suggest hiring an electrician if this heater isn’t replacing an existing bathroom with a dedicated circuit. 

Get the Broan-NuTone bathroom heater at Amazon or The Home Depot.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Chose and Tested the Best Bathroom Heaters

When we started researching modern bathroom heating options, we quickly discovered that there were hundreds of different models available. After carefully considering nearly 50 choices, we settled on eight top models, and then we chose four of those to test in our own bathrooms. 

We also looked at how safe the various models were for use in standard bathrooms.Remodeling expert Benjamin Stenson, director of operations of Norsemen, a home remodeling contractor in Louisville, Kentucky, told us, “Safety features are paramount, so users must opt for heaters designed to withstand bathroom conditions.”

Hands-on testing consisted of assessing the quality of each heater’s build, trying out each of its features, and keeping records of how quickly each one heated a small bathroom during cold weather. We noted how hot the exterior of the heaters became after an hour of continuous use, and we awarded points based on a rubric—the better a bathroom heater performed on a test or assessment, the higher the points. After testing, we summed the points and used them to determine our best overall pick and assign relevant categories for the others. 

What to Consider When Choosing a Bathroom Heater

While the appearance of a bathroom heater will always impact choice, there are a number of technical aspects to consider. The information below will help shoppers choose the most appropriate types of electric bathroom heaters for their needs.

Type

The three general types of heaters for bathrooms include portable bathroom heaters, wall-mounted heaters, and ceiling-mounted heaters. Most (but not all) space heaters for bathroom use are electric. It’s harder to find non-electric heaters than electric heaters for bathroom use.

Portable

The term “portable” can refer to various bathroom heaters, including plug-ins, space heaters, and oil-filled radiators. These are usually among the most affordable bathroom heaters. Their distinguishing design feature is that they are not permanently fitted to the bathroom wall or ceiling, so they can be used in other rooms. Some are very light and easy to move. Space heaters often have carry handles. Although oil-filled radiators are heavier, they can still be moved if necessary. All of these might be good options for bathrooms not in regular use, such as in a guest accommodation.

Wall Mounted

The main advantage of wall-mounted bathroom heaters is that they don’t take up valuable floor space. They can also be very discreet. Wall-mounted exhaust fans are sometimes combined with heater elements, though these generally have more modest output.

Ceiling Mounted

Much like wall-mounted models, a ceiling-mounted bathroom heater can be both powerful and discreet. Its position also keeps it well away from small children and pets. Many are combined with an exhaust fan, which is a benefit but can complicate installation. Some ceiling models are infrared space heaters that use a large red bulb to radiate heat downward. 

Size and Heat Output

Physical size will have an impact on choice, especially in smaller bathrooms. Plug-ins and small bathroom heaters can be an effective option, though recessed wall units and ceiling models have no space penalty at all once installed.

Actual heat output can be difficult to assess on an electric heater. Most indoor room heaters are rated in watts. Opinions vary, but many experts quote 5 to 10 watts per square foot as optimal for comfortable warmth. However, manufacturer figures may contradict this rule of thumb and are perhaps a better guide. Models described as providing “supplemental” heat might also fall below this standard, but it does depend on bathroom size. Bathroom heaters that provide thermostats or two output settings offer greater control over personal comfort.

Safety

Water and electricity are a dangerous mix, with a risk of serious electrical shock. The descriptive materials for any heater intended for use in the bathroom should clearly state that it is for bathroom use, but we could not find any official guidelines. Ceiling heaters for bathrooms present little risk when installed correctly because there are no exposed heater elements or plugs.

Other units may be at risk of water splashes, so thought should be given to positioning. In addition, there is some risk at wall outlets. The usual solution is to fit either an ALCI or GFCI safety plug. Both will cut power in a fraction of a second and prevent harm. Many manufacturers provide these, but they can also be retrofitted.

Some use portable propane heaters in bathrooms and other interior rooms, but if you choose that option, make sure the heater is designed for inside use. Some will give off dangerous fumes. 

Additional Features

• The amount of temperature control varies considerably. Although thermostatic control is common, ceiling fans may simply be on/off devices. Thermostats may offer only two or three settings or be fully variable. They may also be combined with separate heat settings. Comparing different types of bathroom heaters can be difficult, so shoppers will want to pay attention to exactly how much flexibility and control is provided.
• Noise level is another key area. While bathroom heaters aren’t particularly noisy, fans may have an impact at high settings. Decibel ratings may be provided, though such descriptions as “low noise” and “whisper quiet” are used more often.
• Handheld remote controls are a popular extra. Functionality varies, so this is another factor worth checking. Smart control via Wi-Fi and phone apps is widely available for space heaters, allowing remote control and scheduling. These options are also available on a few wall heaters.
• Timers are sometimes offered and may be manual or digital.
• Ceiling-mounted bathroom fans may include lighting.

FAQs 

There’s a lot of detailed information in the article above, and we hope it answers most questions that often crop up regarding choosing the best bathroom heater. While doing our research, we came across some queries of a more general nature, and we have addressed those here.

Meet the Tester: Glenda Taylor is a contractor, product tester, and writer focusing primarily on construction, DIY tools, and home appliances.

The post Cold Bathroom? These Heaters Will Fix That in Minutes appeared first on Bob Vila.

“Dormers are a great way to improve usable attic space, but costs can quickly add up depending on the sort of roof that one is being added to, and how big the dormer might be,” says Mike Patterson, Production Manager for Smiley Renovations LLC in Bethesda, Maryland. “There are also considerations of what to do with HVAC, plumbing, or electric components, which might need to be modified or relocated. Those affect the budget as well.”

If you’re considering dormer windows for a new house construction or loft conversion, keep reading. We’ll explain the pros and cons and advise on the style options available.

What are dormer windows?

So what is a dormer window? This type of window sits vertically in a framed structure that juts outward from the pitch of the main roof and features a little roof of its own above the window. Dormer windows are often associated with Craftsman, Queen Anne, Colonial, Greek Revival, and other traditional architecture styles, but they can be found on any style of house that has a sloped roof.

Dormer windows first appeared in residential roofs in 16th-century Britain, where they helped direct natural light into attic sleeping areas. In residential construction, the use of dormer windows hasn’t changed much over the past few hundred years. They’re still valuable for bringing light into attics and lofts, but today, homeowners are more interested in choosing a style of dormer window to complement their house design.

Dormer vs. Gable

There are a lot of terms that architects and contractors use when discussing roofs, and it can be difficult to keep all of them straight. Both dormers and gables are parts of roofs, but are distinct architectural features. 

A dormer is a perpendicular protrusion from a sloped roof. While dormer and dormer window are often used interchangeably, they aren’t the same. All dormer windows are part of a dormer, but not all dormers have windows. Those without windows are called blind or false dormers. The extensions create more usable square footage without the additional natural light boost that a window would provide. 

A gable is the flat triangular portion of a roof that has two sloping sides. There are types of gable houses; the terms depend on the orientation of the house—whether the entry door is on a gable side or the sloped side. Those that have the entry on the gable side are called front-gable homes. Side-gable homes have the entry on a slanted roof side. Dormers aren’t found on the gable, but windows can be on gables. 

Dormer Window Styles

The style of the roof above the window defines the style of a dormer window. Often, a dormer roof matches the style of the house’s main roof, but there are plenty of exceptions. While a house with a gable roof can have a gambrel dormer, a shed dormer, or another style, the dormer roof often matches the main roof style. The type of roofing material on a dormer window also typically matches the roofing material on the main roof. If the main roof has asphalt shingles, for example, the roof over the dormer window likely will as well. 

Tip: Don’t place roof shingles on the sides of the dormer. The sides should be treated with the same siding material as the rest of the house.

While both traditional dormers and modern dormers exist, the following dormer window styles are common on today’s homes. Your favorite might just be among these dormer window ideas.

Gable Dormer

The most common style of dormer window features a gable (a triangular roof with slopes of equal pitch) over the window. Since it resembles a traditional dog house, it’s often called a dog-house dormer by contractors. 

Gambrel Dormer

The roof on a gambrel dormer features a gable at the peak of the roof, but then descends into two steeper roof slopes on the sides of the roof. Gambrel roofs often appear on traditional Dutch Colonial homes and barns, since a gambrel dormer has a barn-like feel.

Hipped Dormer

Unlike a hipped roof that has four equal sloped sides, a hipped window dormer features just three roof planes, one on each side and a third parallel to the front of the dormer. The fourth side of the dormer is the interior of the house. The three planes slope upward and meet at a common point at the peak of the dormer’s roof.

Shed Dormer

This dormer has only one roof plane that slopes in the same direction as the slope of the main roof, but with a much shallower pitch. The pitch of a shed dormer is sometimes so slight that it appears to be almost horizontal. Some slope is necessary, however, to allow water to run off.

Eyebrow Dormer 

Instead of flat roof planes, an eyebrow dormer roof features a gently curved wave that extends up and completely over the window. An eyebrow dormer has no additional vertical wall sides and can give the impression of an eye peering out from under a hooded lid. These are often found on shingle-style and Tudor homes.

Bonnet Dormer

A bonnet dormer has a curved roof—like half of a cylinder—and vertical walls on either side of the window. It’s common to install arch-top windows in bonnet dormers so the top of the window matches the arch of the bonnet. Though they are not popular as contemporary dormer windows, bonnet dormers might be featured on homes from the late 19th century. 

Wall Dormer

This type of dormer can appear on any one of the above styles of roofs, but its defining feature is that the front of the dormer is an extension of the exterior wall below. Instead of setting back in the middle of the roof, the siding on the main part of the house continues right up into the dormer, making the front of the dormer flush with the front of the house.

Lucarne Dormer

Inspired by those found on Gothic cathedrals, residential lucarne dormers are typically tall and narrow. Originally created just for ventilation, most feature gable roofs above the windows but can have a hipped or other style. Some also refer to all dormers as lucarnes. 

Blind Dormer

While most dormer windows permit light into the loft, a blind (or false) dormer is for adding extra space or for architectural massing. From the street, a blind dormer can appear identical to an ordinary dormer window, but instead of the dormer opening into the interior of the house, it merely attaches to the surface of the roof. While it can increase the usable space inside the top floor, it can also serve merely as decoration.

Pros and Cons of Dormer Windows

Dormer windows are desirable not just for bringing in natural light and adding extra usable space; they also have exterior aesthetic appeal. A common misconception about dormer windows is that they make interior spaces smaller, but without a dormer window, there could be even less usable space. The dormer window opens up part of the floor area for a person or piece of furniture to occupy and increase the light into the space. Otherwise, the top floor space would need to be rebuilt with a flat roof or even a mansard, which was developed to create a more usable attic floor. 

If you’re considering adding dormer windows to a new house or having one retrofitted on your existing home, the following benefits and drawbacks might help in the decision-making process.

Pros

• Interior illumination: Attics and lofts are naturally dim without a window to brighten the interior.
• Increased living space: The interior area of a typical dormer window can serve as a sleeping or reading nook, or hold a dresser or bench.
• Better airflow: An operable window in a dormer helps ventilate warm air out and fresh air in.
• Exterior appearance: Dormer windows attractively break up the long expanse of a roof, adding character and style.

Cons

• Added cost: It takes time and materials to build a dormer window, so installation cost is greater than the price of a roof without one. Plus, you might need to reroute HVAC, electrical, or plumbing, which adds to costs and might increase the number of trades that need to be involved in the project.  
• Increased leak risk: Dormers, like chimneys, penetrate the main roof, which means there’s a greater likelihood of leaks. Flashing—a method of interweaving shingles and sheet metal—is necessary to reduce the risk of leaks. Still, penetrations remain more leak-prone than other parts of the roof.

Dormer Window Cost

According to HomeAdvisor, adding a dormer window costs an average of $12,000, and can range from $2,500 to $30,000 per window, depending on the style, size, roof framing, roof type, and material choice. Prefab dormers, like this dormer window kit for a shed or garage, are also an option. However, prefab dormers designed for a home can cost between $8,000 and $14,000.  

Shed dormers are usually the least expensive option, and more complicated eyebrow and arched dormer windows can cost the most to install. However, a dormer provides about a 40 percent return on investment. 

Dormer Window Installation

Installing a dormer window is not a DIY project. Putting in a dormer window is strictly a job for the pros. It involves working on the sloped roof, and often requires complex angle-framing. If it’s a retrofit, an engineer must design the reconfiguration of the rafters necessary to support and install the new dormer. 

Dormer Windows in New Home Construction

Framing contractors will construct the frame of the dormer at the same time they frame the roof structure. Sheathing (the plywood that covers the framing studs) is attached to the outside dormer walls and over the rafters of the main roof at the same time. The next step is the installation of a vapor barrier wrap over the sheathing on the vertical walls of the dormer. 

A pro usually installs the window next, and then the roofing contractor will install the roof shingles over the dormer roof and the main roof at the same time so there is no noticeable transition between the two—just a seamless layer of shingles over the entire roof. The sides of the dormer are clad in exterior wall cladding like siding. When the exterior is complete, the interior of the dormer is finished (painted and trimmed) at the same time the interior loft space is finished.

Dormer Windows in Remodeling Projects

When a dormer window is retrofitted in an existing house, the main focus is to reduce the amount of time you have a gaping hole in your roof. 

Timing

It’s essential to consider the season and weather when scheduling the construction of a new dormer. “Opening a house in winter or a rainy season is going to require a lot more protection efforts,” says Patterson. “The size and competence of the crew make a difference also. A larger crew, with everything well planned, materials pre-cut etc., will get the dormer weathertight more quickly than one or two guys just plodding along. Every day open, there is more risk of damage,” he says.

For this reason, interior framing, such as alterations to the interior rafters or trusses (alterations that must be cleared by a structural engineer), is often done first, and then the contractor constructs the exterior frame of the dormer on the surface of the roof. 

Roof Framing 

When the interior framing is complete, the contractor cuts a connecting hole through the roof and then completes any necessary additional framing. “If the roof is made of trusses, any alterations need to be carefully looked at by a licensed professional engineer (PE),” says Patterson. “Stick-built roofs are a little easier to modify, but both require that the load path of the new dormer be properly installed down to the foundation—and still should use a PE. This can involve opening ceilings and walls below the work area to install posts or beams; adding costs that might not immediately be apparent.” 

The window is typically installed next and then the dormer can be wrapped with a vapor barrier before finishing the exterior and interior as desired.

Roof Shingles

If you’re thinking about retrofitting one or more dormer windows in an existing house, the best time to do it is when you’re replacing the shingles. That way, the roofing contractor can lay new shingles over the entire roof at the same time. This provides the most cohesive look because it can be difficult to perfectly match new shingles to existing ones.

Access to Finished Attic Space

“Another potential surprise can happen when deciding to turn an attic into finished living space, and that is how one gets up there,” says Patterson. “A steep attic staircase will likely need to be replaced with a code-compliant one, and space and money need to be found to do that work,” he says.

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