Nearly half of American homes are at severe or extreme risk of facing at least one type of climate-related natural disaster, according to the 2024 Realtor.com Housing and Climate Risk Report. This includes damage from floods, hurricane winds, wildfires, extreme heat, or hazardous air quality. Not only could this be devastating to your family and property, but it comes with a hefty price tag to repair and rebuild after a storm or other climate-related event.

Fortunately, there are several preventive measures you can take to safeguard your property so it is climate resilient. Consider pursuing the following hardscaping and landscaping projects to help with natural disaster protection.

1. Install permeable pavers.

As you add more hardscape materials like concrete patios to your yard, you can increase water runoff and erosion from the nonpermeable materials. Choosing permeable materials—which are porous so water can flow through them easily—for projects like pathways, patios, and decks can lessen runoff. 

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, such materials include pervious asphalt, interlocking pavers, pervious concrete, gravel, mulch, and plastic grid pavers, which allow rain and snowmelt to drain more easily into the soil during a storm. The ground absorbs the water, which decreases the burden on storm drains. This helps minimize water pooling and prevent flooding and water damage, especially during and after heavy rainfall. 

2. Design a landscaping windbreak.

The selection and placement of natural materials in your yard can help protect your property from strong winds. Referred to as landscaping windbreaks, these efforts can provide effective protection when the wind speed increases. A windbreak can reduce wind speed for a distance of as much as 30 times the windbreak’s height. Interestingly, windbreaks also lower heating costs by reducing the wind chill, or cooling effects of wind, on your house. 

To create an effective windbreak, you’ll need to identify the best trees, bushes, and shrubs for your local climate. The best foliage for a windbreak has low crowns that can slow wind speeds close to the ground. A mix of evergreens and deciduous trees is an effective option, and might include Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), Arizona cypress (Hesperocyparis arizonica), Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia).

Plant the greenery together in a clump to block wind from the ground up to the height of the trees. The best place to plant a windbreak is one or two tree heights away from your house on the side where winds are worst. The larger the tree, the farther you should plant it from the house. Never plant trees near power lines. Dense trees and shrubs, combined with a wall, fence, or earth berm, can stave off or lift the wind all the way over the house.

3. Build a retaining wall.

Consider building a durable retaining wall to protect your home from flooding. Retaining walls are typically constructed out of reinforced concrete blocks, gabion, stacked stones, brick, rammed earth, or steel. The wall creates raised sections of the yard that serve as a strong barrier. By redirecting rainwater away from your property, a retaining wall helps keep flood water at bay to prevent basement leaks and other types of water damage to your home. 

Retaining walls also can prevent soil erosion. They stabilize slopes and help keep soil in place; eroded soil is a significant contributor to flooding, especially during heavy rain. By stopping erosion, the wall minimizes the amount of sediment that could block drainage systems or make flood conditions worse.

Retaining walls are a good investment overall. In addition to helping with long-term water management in your yard, their design can add an attractive hardscaping feature that enhances curb appeal. Given the complexity of building a retaining wall, it’s advisable to hire a pro to handle the job.

4. Create defensible space through firescaping.

Another way that vegetation in your yard can play a role in protecting your home is through firescaping. This approach involves designing fire-resilient landscaping around the perimeter of your home to reduce risks from wildfires in what’s referred to as a defensible space. 

Defensible space consists of multiple layers, or zones, that make it easier for firefighters to put out a blaze. 

• Zone 0: This zone consists of the nearest 5 feet that surround your home; it should be free of dead or dying plants and any combustible items like wood piles or flammable outdoor furniture. Choose hardscaping materials such as pea gravel or decorative rocks, as opposed to combustible mulch or bark for shrub beds.
• Zone 1: This is the area within 30 feet of your house that allows firefighters to tackle the fire. In addition to close hardscaping, plant low-growing and less-dense foundation shrubs, such as azaleas and boxwoods, and keep trees away from your house. 
• Zone 2: This area extends 100 feet from your home and should include trees and shrubs that are thinned out, along with wide paths that create firebreaks. 

5. Add a rain garden.

Another way to minimize flooding is to build a rain garden in your yard, which is a garden strategically designed to collect and filter stormwater runoff from roofs, driveways, and other impervious surfaces. A rain garden design includes layers of soil, mulch, and native plants with deep root systems that help slow the flow of water. This way, the water seeps into the ground rather than pooling in the yard, overwhelming storm drains, or soaking areas by the house that can damage the foundation. Trees, grasses, ground covers, and shrubs are all part of an effective—and attractive—rain garden. 

The post Is Your Yard Disaster-Proof? 5 Projects That Could Protect Your Home appeared first on Bob Vila.

Smoke detectors are a lot like income taxes: they need to be dealt with once a year, not a whole lot of people understand them, and issues with either can be particularly, well, alarming. Simple yet necessary heroes of home safety and security, smoke detectors tend to be forgotten until they go off (a good thing) or fail to function in an emergency (a potential tragedy). A well-functioning, high-quality smoke detector is essential for every household, so we researched more than 20 top models and put 15 to the test.

Our favorite was the X-Sense SC07 Wireless Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm. It monitors for smoke and carbon monoxide and has a large digital display showing the carbon monoxide parts per million. We also appreciated the slim, sleek design.

The National Fire Protection Association recommends at least one smoke detector for each floor of a home, as well as one in every bedroom. It’s important to become familiar with the types of detectors, how they operate, and some of the finer points of fire alarm technology. Read on to learn what you should look for in a smoke alarm and how we tested and selected the best smoke detectors.

1. BEST OVERALL: X-Sense SC07 Wireless Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm
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2. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Kidde i9050 Battery-Operated Smoke Alarm
   ↓ Jump to Review
3. BEST IN TECH: Google S3003LWES Nest Protect Smoke and CO Detector
   ↓ Jump to Review
4. BEST INTERCONNECTED: X-Sense Interconnected Wireless Smoke and CO Detector 
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5. BEST VOICE ALARM: First Alert SMCO210V Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm 
   ↓ Jump to Review
6. HONORABLE MENTION: SimpliSafe Wireless Smoke Detector
   ↓ Jump to Review
7. ALSO CONSIDER: First Alert Z-Wave Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm
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Smoke Detectors Comparison Chart

Our Top Picks

These top picks include photoelectric, ionization, and dual-sensor smoke detectors to suit a variety of different needs. All are high-quality models currently on the market that we’ve tested ourselves.

Note: All of the following products feature battery operation, making them very easy to install. They’re also all Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listed for safety.

Best Overall

X-Sense SC07 Wireless Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm

See It

What We Like

• Features a smoke and carbon monoxide sensor
• Digital display shows carbon monoxide parts per million (ppm)
• Sleek, modern design

What We Don’t Like

• Has a sometimes-faulty activation switch

Specs

• Type Photoelectric (smoke) and electrochemical (CO)
• Interconnect No
• CO detection Yes

Our Ratings: Installation and Setup 5/5; Functionality 4/5; Value 4.3/5

The X-Sense SC07 combo alarm is a two-way player that would benefit many homeowners. This model features a photoelectric sensor that detects smoke particles and an electrochemical sensor that detects the presence of carbon monoxide. It also has a digital display that shows the carbon monoxide parts per million (ppm) in the air as well as the battery’s status. This lends a sleek design that will easily fit in with modern spaces.

The real star of the show is the display, which clearly indicates the level of carbon monoxide in the air when it’s more than 30 ppm (if it’s under that amount, it registers as 0). While a sensor capable of reading lower levels would be better, we still find this reassuring. 

We’re not, however, a big fan of this model’s activation switch. While it worked perfectly on the model we tested, we have broken that switch on previously tested X-Sense models, so we would still caution users to be very gentle with it. Otherwise, we felt this was the best overall smoke detector. Plus, an interconnected version is available. 

What our tester says: “This device triggered within 10 seconds during testing—an impressively fast response—though it did take a while to silence.”—Tom Scalisi, Product Reviews tester and writer

Get the X-Sense SC07 smoke detector at Amazon or X-Sense.

Best Bang For The Buck

Kidde i9050 Battery-Operated Smoke Alarm

See It

What We Like

• Affordable price point
• Loud alarm is audible throughout the home
• One of the easiest models to silence

What We Don’t Like

• 10 seconds slower to alert than other devices

Specs

• Type Ionization
• Interconnect No
• CO detection No

Our Ratings: Installation and Setup 3/5; Functionality 4/5; Value 4.3/5

A hardwired, Wi-Fi, or interconnected fire alarm system can be expensive, but thanks to the affordable price of the Kidde i9050, users can equip their entire home with smoke detectors without zeroing out their bank accounts. Powered by a 9-volt battery, this basic ionization-style model is hardly a high-tech option, but it’s a reliable choice for smoke detection.

Considering the budget-friendly price, we were skeptical about how well this alarm would perform during testing. While it did perform roughly 10 seconds slower than other devices, its alarm sounded within 25 seconds, and the siren was loud. Also, we were able to silence this alarm much faster than devices that cost four times the price. It truly offers the best value for dollar of any detector on the list, though it doesn’t offer many special features.

Get the Kidde i9050 smoke alarm at Amazon or Walmart.

Best in Tech

Google S3003LWES Nest Protect Smoke and CO Detector

See It

What We Like

• Crystal-clear voice alerts
• Reports to a phone app
• Better looking than other detectors
• Dual-sensor smoke alarm

What We Don’t Like

• Tricky to connect the device to the app
• Must keep app updated

Specs

• Type Split-sensor, which acts as both photoelectric and ionization
• Interconnect Yes
• CO detection Yes

Our Ratings: Installation and Setup 2/5; Functionality 5/5; Value 4.7/5

Equipped with the latest technology, Google’s Nest Protect smoke and carbon monoxide alarm ties into existing hardwired systems and features Wi-Fi communication. Users can program the alarm so it will indicate the location in the home where an alarm is being triggered via both the Nest app and the built-in speaker. It uses dual-sensor technology to detect both smoldering burns and flaming fires. 

In our tests, we found the Nest Protect’s voice activation to be clear and the alarm to be fast. We also liked the appearance of this Wi-Fi smoke detector and appreciated that the baseplate offers quite a bit of rotational adjustment to ensure that it is straight when installed. Connecting the detector to the Nest app took a couple of tries, though. 

There’s a larger caveat regarding this smart smoke alarm and similar models that work with smart-home systems: Their compatibility with those systems depends on app updates, which means users must remember to keep up-to-date on apps. If the app is an old version, the detectors might fail to communicate with a smartphone or central monitoring service. 

Get the Google smoke detector at Amazon, The Home Depot, or Best Buy.

Best Interconnected

X-Sense Interconnected Wireless Smoke and CO Detector

See It

What We Like

• Crystal-clear voice alerts
• Reports to a phone app
• Better looking than other detectors
• Dual-sensor smoke alarm

What We Don’t Like

• Tricky to connect the device to the app
• Must keep app updated

Specs

• Type Split-sensor, which acts as both photoelectric and ionization
• Interconnect Yes
• CO detection Yes

Our Ratings: Installation and Setup 5/5; Functionality 3.3/5; Value 5/5

Interconnected smoke detectors communicate with each other through a wireless signal; once one goes off, they all go off. Connecting them can sometimes be confusing, so we appreciated this three-pack from X-Sense that came interconnected—no app or Wi-Fi needed. Activation was as simple as installing the mount on the wall and attaching the smoke detectors by turning them clockwise.

These X-Sense detectors alert to smoke and dangerous levels of carbon monoxide. The digital display shows the CO levels in ppm and along with the battery level. Fortunately, these smoke detectors each come with a sealed lithium-ion battery that lasts up to ten years and the unit will notify when the battery life has ended, so you won’t have to worry about replacing batteries.

Through testing, we discovered one downside to these smoke alarms: They didn’t alert when we tested them with canned synthetic smoke. Instead, we had to set them off by blowing out a candle, which we held about three feet away. We had installed one of these smoke detectors in our basement, one on our first floor, and another on our second floor. When we set off the alarm on the first floor, all three smoke detectors loudly alerted us. Silencing them was as easy as pressing a button on the alerted detector.

Get the X-Sense interconnected smoke detectors at Amazon.

Best Voice Alarm

First Alert SMCO210V Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm

See It

What We Like

• Comes with a 10-year sealed battery
• Features a loud alarm and voice alerts
• Attractive, slim design

What We Don’t Like

• Test/silence button is very stiff

Specs

• Type Electrochemical and photoelectric
• Interconnect No
• CO detection Yes

Our Ratings: Installation and Setup 5/5; Functionality 4.3/5; Value 4/5

In addition to a loud beeping alarm, First Alert’s SMCO210V smoke and carbon monoxide detector is equipped with voice alerts that relay the location and type of alarm (smoke or CO). This smoke detector has a simple interface with one test/silence button, and programming its location took us less than two minutes. We also appreciated the sealed battery, which lasts up to ten years before the unit needs replacement.

This First Alert smoke detector was one of the loudest we tested. We put it in an upstairs hallway and could hear the beeping alarm from our basement, two floors below. When sprayed with our test can of synthetic smoke, the alarm alerted in less than 15 seconds. 

There was only one thing we didn’t like: The test/silence button was very hard to push. It took us a few tries to silence the alarm after we set it off, simply due to the stiffness of the button.

What our tester says: “This smoke and carbon monoxide detector was one of my favorites. The alarm was loud and the voice alerts were clear, letting me know the location and type of threat.”—Katie Barton, Product Reviews tester and writer

Get the First Alert SMCO210V smoke detector at Amazon, Target, Walmart, or First Alert.

Honorable Mention

SimpliSafe Wireless Smoke Detector

See It

What We Like

• Easy-to-use interface
• Quick to silence
• Compatible with SimpliSafe app and monitoring plan

What We Don’t Like

• Smoke alarm could be louder

Specs

• Type Photoelectric
• Interconnect Yes, via SimpliSafe base station
• CO detection No

Our Ratings: Installation and Setup 5/5; Functionality 4/5; Value 4/5

The SimpliSafe wireless smoke detector can be used in two ways. First, it can be used as a standalone smoke detector without owning other SimpliSafe products. It’s easy to set up, and during testing, the alarm sounded when synthetic smoke was sprayed nearby without having it connected to any other SimpliSafe products. Second, SimpliSafe users can connect it to their app and base station.

When connected to a SimpliSafe system, this smoke detector sends real-time alerts through the app and triggers the base station alarm. With optional SimpliSafe monitoring, fire rescue can be dispatched even if the user is away from the home.

Unfortunately, this model doesn’t monitor CO levels like many similarly priced smoke detectors. We also thought its alarm was a little on the quiet side. Still, it’s a good fit for those who already utilize SimpliSafe security products.

Get the SimpliSafe smoke detector at Amazon or Best Buy.

Also Consider

First Alert Z-Wave Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm

See It

What We Like

• Easy to install
• Loud enough to hear throughout the home
• Fastest activation of our test group

What We Don’t Like

• Requires Ring hub for full features and connectivity

Specs

• Type Combination photoelectric smoke and electrochemical CO
• Interconnect Yes, via Ring hub
• CO detection Yes

Our Ratings: Installation and Setup 4/5; Functionality 3.7/5; Value 4.3/5

For those who want to set up their own interconnected system that they can access from a phone and other devices, First Alert’s Z-Wave smoke detector and carbon monoxide alarm is worth considering. This combination smoke detector interfaces with the Ring Alarm hub and app, offering users real-time alerts wherever they have internet service. This unit features a photoelectric smoke sensor and an electrochemical carbon monoxide detector to alert under a variety of conditions.

Like most First Alert devices, the Z-Wave alarm was very easy to install. The audible alarm was very loud and activated faster than it took to reach for our stopwatch. The only issues we experienced when testing were its refusal to silence (a common problem with First Alert), and, obviously, if you don’t have a hub, this will only work as a basic combination detector.

Get the First Alert Z-Wave smoke detector at Amazon, Lowe’s, or Bed Bath & Beyond.

ALSO TESTED

A smoke detector should be easy to use, loud enough to alert household residents, and quick to alert in the case of smoke or detected carbon monoxide. Unfortunately, not all of the smoke detectors we tested met these thresholds. 

• The Ring Alarm Smoke & CO Listener is a nice idea in theory, but we didn’t find it practical for the average homeowner. 
• The Kidde P4010LDCS-W Smoke Alarm was impossible to set up. It’s designed to link to the Kidde app via Bluetooth but would not register on any of the devices that we tried.
• First Alert’s Hardwired LED Strobe Light Smoke Alarm was a big disappointment, especially for the cost. Despite numerous attempts, we couldn’t get the strobe to light.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Tested the Best Smoke Detectors

While pressing the “test” button is a perfectly fine way for folks to perform once-a-month testing on a smoke detector, a simple button test cannot tell the whole story of how well a unit will perform. A lot more went into our testing, including nearly a decade of experience working with commercial fire alarms.

After researching more than 20 top-rated smoke detector models, we chose 15 to test, not all of which made our final list. We installed each of these units individually, according to the directions, to determine how easy they were to set up. We also tested each device by spraying two puffs of canned synthetic smoke—the same type used when testing fire alarms professionally. We timed each to get a solid sense of how long activation took, and then we compared the results. 

We used a standardized rubric to keep track of our testing results, rating each smoke detector on a scale of 1-5 based on installation, setup, functionality, and value metrics. At the end of testing, we tallied these results to find the winners.

What to Consider When Choosing a Smoke Detector

Even if tested annually, a smoke detector has an operational lifespan of only 10 years. Any model older than that should be replaced, regardless of its working condition. To help make an informed decision, learn about the following key features that pop up when considering the wide range of models currently on the market. 

Types of Smoke Detectors

There are three main smoke sensor types: photoelectric, ionization, and dual sensor. While they all do the same job, they go about it differently. 

Photoelectric

The chamber of a photoelectric smoke detector contains an LED light, which shoots a beam across the chamber, and a sensor that sits approximately 90 degrees from the LED. Under normal conditions, the sensor can’t “see” the LED beam, but when smoke enters the chamber, the light reflects off smoke particulates, and the sensor detects the beam. 

The instant the sensor detects the beam, the alarm activates. Photoelectric smoke detectors are most effective at detecting smoldering burns—barely burning fires that can, frighteningly, smolder for days before becoming a bigger issue. 

Ionization 

Though these detectors employ radioactive materials, alpha rays, and other seemingly sci-fi–inspired technology, they operate in a fairly simple way. A chamber fills with tiny particles called ions, which are held in place by electrical charges. A sensor in the chamber knows how many ions are contained within. When smoke enters the chamber, it removes some of the ions, affecting the sensor’s count and sounding the alarm. 

Ionization smoke detectors are most effective against fires that are actively flaming. 

Dual Sensor 

Just as the category name suggests, these detectors use both types of sensors. There’s no winner in a race against photoelectric and ionization detectors, and they each have their own strengths. The use of both sensor types means faster detection of threats across the range of different materials that could be burning. 

Hardwired vs. Battery Operated

Battery-operated models, which tend to cost less, are usually stand-alone detectors. This means an activated smoke detector cannot alarm a monitoring system or other sensors in the home; only the detector in the smoky area will sound an alarm. The exception would be battery-operated models that are part of a home security system. 

Hardwired smoke detectors connect directly to the home’s electrical system. When one detector sounds an alarm, typically, all of the detectors follow suit. While this may make it harder to pinpoint the unit that actually detected the potential fire, it alerts everyone in the house to danger.

Most residential hardwired home safety systems use battery backups, so even if the power goes out, the home will still have some fire safety protection—and that’s the best of both worlds. In commercial applications, things work a bit differently in that the fire alarm panel will rely on the batteries to keep the alarm system live until the generators kick on or the power comes back.

Interconnectivity

Briefly touched upon above, interconnectivity refers to smoke detectors’ ability to “talk” to each other, alerting the entire system to potential danger. For example, if there were an electrical fire within the car in an attached garage sensed by an interconnected detector, the entire system throughout the house would activate immediately. 

Fires can double in size every 60 seconds, so if residents were to be sleeping on the other side of the house, they might not hear a stand-alone detector activate in the garage. Interconnected detectors would make them aware of the threat—hopefully before it’s too late to react.

Carbon Monoxide

In a similar circumstance, a car left running in the garage can produce fatal levels of carbon monoxide (CO), which could prove particularly dangerous to folks sleeping in a bedroom above. Smoke detectors with carbon monoxide sensors add another level of safety. While all homes should have carbon monoxide alarms, homes with gas or oil heat and hot water are particularly vulnerable to carbon monoxide buildup. If you don’t have a plug-in CO detector, a dual smoke detector with a built-in carbon monoxide detector is a wise purchase.

Monitoring

Interconnected detectors are often part of a monitored home security system. The great benefit of these systems is they can alert the local fire department, even if no one is at home to make the emergency call. A carbon monoxide issue could render those inside unable to call the fire department, so the monitoring company can make that call, possibly saving lives.

UL Listing

Quality smoke detectors are UL listed. This certification ensures that the detectors meet Underwriters Laboratories’ (UL) stringent testing requirements. Given the importance of purchasing the best smoke detector system that a household can afford, it’s not worth the risk to install anything that isn’t UL listed.

Smart Features

For those interested in the latest fire safety technology, some good smoke alarms do boast smart features. Many of these smart smoke detectors not only communicate with an overseeing alarm system but also with users’ phones through Wi-Fi. Some models even allow users to employ any TV remote to mute an activated detector. 

FAQs

Now that you know a bit more about the best smoke detectors, some questions may still pop up. Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions, so check below for the information that will clarify your queries.

Meet the Testers

Katie Barton is a home improvement writer with over ten years of experience. She extensively tests products to help readers find the best value and features for their money. 

Tom Scalisi is a full-time DIY and construction writer for many of the largest websites in the industry. He spent years in the fire safety industry, both installing and testing commercial fire alarm and suppression systems.

The post Keep Your Home and Family Safe With One of Our Favorite Smoke Detectors appeared first on Bob Vila.

Unlike standard radios, emergency radios can receive warnings and notifications from very high-frequency (VHF) public service band stations. Users of emergency radios may listen to dedicated weather channels or set the radio to alert when a weather or disaster warning is issued. Users can access basic AM/FM stations on an emergency radio, too.

Our top choice is the WR120B/WR120EZ from Midland, with several programmable locations and instant weather updates. We took all radios on this list through hands-on testing to see how they work in the field. Everything from the crank and solar panel to the reception was examined in greater detail to make sure we found radios that will perform when the time is right. Whether planning a camping trip or putting together a “just-in-case” kit for the home, everyone should consider including an emergency radio. This guide explains the features to look for and shares some of the best emergency radio options available.

1. BEST OVERALL: Midland WR120B/WR120EZ Emergency Weather Alert Radio
2. RUNNER-UP: Sangean MMR-88 AM/FM/Weather+Alert Emergency Radio
3. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Esky Emergency Hand Crank Radio
4. BEST HAND-CRANK: DaringSnail Emergency Crank Radio, 4000mAh-Solar
5. BEST COMPACT: Midland ER210 Emergency Compact Crank Radio
6. BEST PORTABLE: Eton American Red Cross FRX2 Hand Turbine Radio
7. BEST AM/FM: Rocam Emergency AM/FM/SW NOAA Weather Radio
8. BEST SHORTWAVE: C. Crane CC Skywave SSB NOAA Weather + Alert Radio
9. MOST VERSATILE: Kaito KA500 5-Way Powered Solar Power Emergency Radio
   

Product Comparison

Our Top Picks

These top picks are emergency radios that can pick up National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) broadcasts in addition to offering AM/FM listening ability. The best emergency radios also feature more than one power source, such as battery, solar, or hand-crank power, and have clear listening reception.

It’s a bonus if the radio comes with weather-resistant properties and other features. We’ve tested all of the following radios, so we can verify that they do all that’s promised. Check out some of the best emergency radios for use when the power goes out.

Best Overall

Midland WR120B/WR120EZ Emergency Weather Alert Radio

See It

What We Like

• Loud, audible alarm
• Instant weather updates with the tap of a button
• 25 programmable locations
• Ease of use

What We Don’t Like

• No extra features like a flashlight or device charging
• Only 2 charging options

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 5.3 inches tall by 6.1 inches wide by 2 inches deep
• Labels: NOAA
• Power options: Electricity or battery

In addition to its functionality and ease of use, the Midland WR120B/WR120EZ Emergency Weather Alert Radio stands out for being configurable into multiple languages—English, French, and Spanish. It also features 25 programmable locations, so users can check out conditions in other parts of the country if needed or wanted.

The built-in Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) technology helps ensure that users can always receive alerts specifically pertaining to their home region. There is an option to select a preferred type of alert: a siren alarm, a voice alert, or a flashing LED light. Plug the Midland radio into any standard outlet or power it with two AA batteries.

We can definitely verify that the Midland weather emergency alert radio will alert the listener to impending inclement weather. It was tested in an office space, where we left it plugged in and on. At any time, users could walk past it and hit the weather/snooze button to get an update on the latest weather alerts in their area.

We left it running until one day we randomly heard an alert sound somewhere in the house. It wasn’t until the second warning (and a very startled jump while sitting at our desk) that we realized it was the Midland WR120B/WR120EZ. A small-craft warning in the region was going out due to a severe windstorm moving through the area.

This model is an excellent option for an alarm clock/emergency radio combo. For those who live in an area where tornadoes or other sudden storms come up, this radio will alert them, with instructions, as long as it’s plugged in or has batteries. We also liked that it provided a weather update at any time simply by clicking a button. It doesn’t have the wide range of emergency features like a flashlight or USB charging like some of the other tested models, but for emergency weather situations, this radio will keep users up to date.

Get the Midland WR120B/WR120EZ emergency radio at Amazon or Best Buy.

Runner-Up

Sangean MMR-88 AM/FM/Weather+Alert Emergency Radio

See It

What We Like

• Heavy-duty casing and reinforced corners
• Powerful reception
• Lots of power options
• USB port for charging other devices

What We Don’t Like

• We had to charge the battery upon arrival
• Lack of intuitive controls

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 3.29 inches tall by 5.98 inches wide by 0.69 inches deep
• Labels: Public alert
• Power options: Battery, DC, crank, solar

The Sangean MMR-88 AM/FM/Weather+Alert Emergency Radio comes in a small package, but it’s packed with power. Of all the casings we tested, this one felt the most sturdy and durable, although its heavy plastic and reinforced edges could take a beating if the user were in an emergency weather situation. It has several power options, including a hand-crank generator, a solar charging panel, and DC.

On testing, the rechargeable battery was installed upon arrival. However, the battery was dead when it arrived, so we had to charge it for the first use, and we tried the solar panel in the meantime. The manufacturer recommends using the solar panel only in emergency situations. It’s not really designed to power the radio all the time, and with good reason. It takes 15 hours to charge the battery with sunlight, and it needs to be direct sunlight—very direct.

The Sangean solar panel didn’t charge at all sitting on a windowsill. Using the hand crank for 1 minute, we were able to get about 5 minutes of airtime, which is pretty standard. It only took a couple of hours using a DC charger to get it fully charged. At that point, this model got some of the best reception of any we tested. It helped that it had a longer antenna than most of the other models, too.

One other issue we had was that the controls weren’t intuitive. Buyers will definitely need to spend some time with the manual to make sure they understand how to use everything. Even the labels on the buttons weren’t too helpful in figuring out how to use them.

Get the Sangean emergency radio at Amazon.

Best Bang for the Buck

Esky Emergency Hand Crank Radio

See It

What We Like

• Compact and portable
• Multiple charging options
• Capable of charging phones
• Very affordable

What We Don’t Like

• AM/FM sound quality could be improved

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 2.4 inches tall by 5 inches wide by 1.8 inches deep
• Labels: NOAA
• Power options: USB, hand crank, solar panel

Purchasing an emergency radio for up-to-the-minute information doesn’t have to cost a lot. The Esky Emergency Hand Crank Radio receives AM/FM/NOAA broadcasts and comes with a built-in LED flashlight to get around in low-light situations. The Esky also features a USB port for charging a cell phone, a tablet, or other digital device. The radio operates on a rechargeable 1000-milliampere hour (mAh) lithium-ion battery via three energy sources—an integrated solar panel on the top of the radio, a manual hand crank, and via micro-USB power, so it’s always ready in the event of an emergency.

At just 2.4 inches high and 5 inches wide, this emergency radio is compact enough to fit in a backpack, making it well suited for camping and hiking outings. The low cost makes it an affordable addition to the car or camper. Sadly, the sound the pint-sized radio produces matches its size. It doesn’t provide the best sound, and the dials are a little fiddly to use. They are analogue rather than digital, making it challenging to be accurate when tuning to AM, FM, or the emergency weather station.

What this radio did do was save space and weight. If shoppers are packing light or need a radio for an emergency kit, this one can do it without gobbling up space or budget. That said, there is a lot of plastic, and it isn’t particularly robust. One feature we appreciated in such a small radio was the ability to charge other devices. However, it doesn’t do so particularly quickly, so patience is required. Another happy surprise was the bright flashlight. This little guy could outshine many of the bigger, more powerful radios.

Get the Esky emergency radio at Amazon.

Best Hand-Crank

DaringSnail Emergency Crank Radio, 4000mAh-Solar

See It

What We Like

• Battery-power indicator lights
• Multiple flashlight settings
• Clear radio reception (not weather station)
• Can charge more than 1 phone on a full battery

What We Don’t Like

• Difficult to tune into weather station

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 3.19 inches tall by 6.23 inches wide by 2.48 inches deep
• Labels: NOAA
• Power options: USB, battery, solar panel, hand crank

If the built-in lithium-ion battery in the DaringSnail Emergency Crank Radio runs down, the radio’s hand crank will generate all the energy necessary to listen to weather and news reports and operate the unit’s super-bright flashlight. The radio receives AM/FM and NOAA broadcasts, and it comes with a USB port for charging a cell phone or a tablet.

During testing, the AM/FM reception was exceptionally clear. However, the NOAA broadcasts were much more difficult to find. Yes, we could get on the weather band, but a stiff manual dial made it difficult to tune into a station. The reception for the station we did find wasn’t great. For strictly weather purposes, this model wasn’t the best.

However, there were other features that worked well. It comes with a motion-sensing night light that automatically illuminates with nearby movement, which is a good feature for campers or others who need to get up at night. And the reading light is bright. We would say it was almost blinding, which is effective when out on the trail or camping.

Users can also charge the radio’s battery with its built-in flip-up solar panel on sunny days. The solar panel worked so-so. We got enough of a charge to turn the radio on but had to boost it up with the hand crank. The hand crank helped this model stand out, with a longer handle than average and a smooth cranking action, so it was easy to use. Our favorite feature that had to do with the crank was the four battery-indicator lights that let owners know how much power has been generated.

Get the DaringSnail emergency radio at Amazon.

Best Compact

Midland ER210 Emergency Compact Crank Radio

See It

What We Like

• Small, lightweight size but durable construction
• 3 flashlight settings
• Digital tuning
• Easy-to-use crank that hides in the casing well

What We Don’t Like

• Time-consuming to tune into weather stations

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 2.8 inches tall by 6.5 inches wide by 1.9 inches deep
• Labels: NOAA
• Power options: USB, battery, hand crank, solar panel

The Midland ER210 Emergency Compact Crank Radio comes in a deceptively small size that belies its reception abilities. The AM/FM radio picks up a strong signal, and the speaker provides surprisingly loud audio. The AM/FM radio and the weather radio work with a digital tuner. In some ways, that’s easier to use than a dial, but it takes longer to find stations unless owners already know which one they are headed for.

The radio runs with a USB power cord, a battery, solar power, or by hand crank. The crank is easy to turn and hides well into the casing, creating a smooth outer appearance. Three flashlight settings can come in handy in an emergency situation. It has a (very bright) high beam and a low beam, as well as an SOS signal.

This model automatically locks on to the strongest weather station, but the stations can also be scanned through if needed. An alarm sounds if there’s severe weather predicted in the local area. Overall, it was an easy radio to use once we’d gone through the manual. The digital tuning was easier to use than many of the manual dials on the other models, which was a huge plus.

Get the Midland ER210 emergency radio at Amazon or Best Buy.

Most Portable

Eton American Red Cross FRX2 Hand Turbine Radio

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What We Like

• Small and lightweight
• Can charge other devices
• 4 power options

What We Don’t Like

• Difficult to tune into weather stations
• Hard to push flashlight button

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 5.7 inches tall by 4.7 inches wide by 2.8 inches deep
• Labels: NOAA
• Power options: USB, battery, solar panel, hand crank

Slip the Eton radio into a backpack or a duffel bag for easy carrying and retrieval. The radio measures just 5.7 inches high by 4.7 inches inches wide by 2.8 inches deep and weighs less than 1 pound, making it easy to carry, slip into a drawer or glove compartment, or pack in a suitcase. While small in stature, the Eton radio offers a full spectrum of emergency functions, including the ability to receive AM/FM and NOAA broadcasts, so the user will never be far from important information about weather alerts or other emergencies.

The Eton radio comes with a built-in lithium-ion battery charged with a USB charger, an integrated solar panel, and a manual hand crank. The radio also has a headphone jack, a bright LED flashlight, a cell phone charger, and a glow-in-the-dark indicator to make locating the radio easier in the dark.

However, the Eton isn’t the easiest radio to use. The controls are confusing, and the directions don’t help out a lot. It took some work to get it dialed into a weather station. It’s small though, and once the user knows how to use the dials, they can get the information they need. Plus, it can charge other devices when its battery is fully charged.

Get the Eton FRX2 emergency radio at Amazon.

Best AM/FM

Rocam Emergency AM/FM/SW NOAA Weather Radio

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What We Like

• Siren-loud SOS signal
• Bright reading light
• Strong reception
• Easy to tune into NOAA

What We Don’t Like

• Reading light doesn’t turn off automatically

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 4.7 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide by 3.5 inches deep
• Labels: SW, NOAA
• Power options: DC, battery, solar panel, hand crank

With its telescoping antenna, the Rocam emergency radio is at the top of its class for picking up a variety of broadcast frequencies, including AM/FM, shortwave, and NOAA broadcasts. The antenna boosts the radio’s range to receive stations at a greater distance than other radios can.

This model got incredible reception and was very easy to tune to NOAA. We could either use a manual dial or a dial that went to each of the seven weather-band stations. We couldn’t tune to a shortwave, but then this was one of the few radios that even had that option.

The Rocam offers a wide range of additional functions, including an earsplitting (seriously earsplitting) SOS signal that will attract attention if the user is in danger, a super-bright LED flashlight (high and low beam), an LED reading lamp, a directional compass, and a cell phone charger. The radio comes with a rechargeable lithium-ion battery but also accepts three AAA batteries, has an integrated solar panel, and also a hand crank.

The reading light’s power matches that of the SOS signal, as in wow, don’t look directly into the light. However, the reading light doesn’t automatically turn off when the light is shut, so it’s easy to leave it on by accident. The radio comes with a detachable carry strap, and the case will resist damage from light rain and high humidity.

Get the Rocam emergency radio at Amazon.

Best Shortwave

C. Crane CC Skywave SSB NOAA Weather + Alert Radio

See It

What We Like

• Multiple reception bands
• Precise digital tuning possible
• Clear and informative display
• Lightweight and compact

What We Don’t Like

• Comparatively expensive

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 3 inches tall by 4.75 inches wide by 1 inch deep
• Labels: NOAA, shortwave, VHF airband
• Power options: 2 AA batteries

The main benefit of shortwave radio, also known as single side band (SSB), is its ability to transmit and receive over long distances, and not just hundreds of miles—but thousands. The CC Skywave radio has the usual AM/FM and NOAA weather alerts but adds the ability to pick up shortwave from both land-based and marine stations, plus VHF aviation bands used by commercial pilots around the world. It can even receive ham radio signals (though it can’t respond to them).

The digital receiver has an auto-scan facility to find stations quickly; then the manual dial can be used for precise tuning. There are 400 memories, a 12/24 hour clock, and an alarm. It all fits within a compact case that measures just 3 inches high by 4.8 inches wide by 1 inch deep, and it weighs only 6 ounces. There is a convenient fold-out stand, and included in the package are earbuds and a 23-foot shortwave reel antenna.

There is no crank handle, solar panel, or charger, which some may see as a disadvantage. However, the CC Skywave will run for up to 60 hours on a pair of ordinary alkaline AA batteries, which are low cost and widely available (though none are included). An AC power adapter can be added, but it costs extra.

Get the C. Crane emergency radio at C Crane.

Most Versatile

Kaito KA500 5-Way Powered Solar Power Emergency Radio

See It

What We Like

• Strong reception
• Multiple lighting options
• Charges other devices

What We Don’t Like

• Difficult to turn on and dial in

Product Specs

• Dimensions: 5 inches tall by 8 inches wide by 2.5 inches deep
• Labels: NOAA, shortwave
• Power options: AC adapter, battery, USB, solar panel, hand crank

The multifunctional Kaito KA500 5-Way AM/FM/SW/NOAA weather alert radio receives the seven NOAA bands and two shortwave bands; this means it offers broadcasts from other countries. Reception quality is high, and the radio has five power options: by hand crank, flip-up solar panel, AC adapter, battery (three nickel metal hydride [NiMH] AA rechargeable batteries), or USB. Those power options are really this model’s strength since users can find a way to charge in most situations.

The Kaito does not disappoint in terms of added features, as it includes a built-in charger for mobile devices, a reading light, a flashlight, and an SOS beacon. However, the Kaito isn’t the easiest radio to use. It has an on/off switch on the front, but that only turns on some of the features.

There’s also a tiny on/off switch hidden with the charging ports that activates everything. The dials themselves are also confusing, so while this is a great radio for all the power options, it’s not the easiest to use.

Get the Kaito emergency radio at Amazon.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Tested the Best Emergency Radios

Testing took place in a home office. Surprisingly, many of the radios arrived with dead rechargeable batteries. Our first point of order was charging. Charging with the DC or the USB cords was the fastest way to power, but we also charged using the solar panels and hand cranks.

From there, we tested the reception quality, both with the AM/FM, weather bands, and shortwave radio if the model had it. Ease of use became pretty evident by this point in the testing. Some models were very simple to figure out, while others required carefully going through the owner’s manual.

We tried out all the charging options. With the hand cranks, we timed how long we had to crank to get 5 minutes’ worth of power. We also considered how hard it was to use the crank.

Durability, size, and weight factored into the testing process, too. Some models felt lightweight and cheap, while others were lightweight but still felt like they could withstand some heavy use. Portability came into play with this part of the testing, too. A radio could sit on a nightstand, but others could get tossed into a backpack without adding too much weight.

What to Consider When Choosing the Best Emergency Radio

There are many features to consider when shopping for an emergency radio. Some of the most important include the types of alerts the user can receive, charging options, and whether it can serve other useful functions.

Labels

The first thing many shoppers discover when researching emergency radios is the plethora of labels with acronyms. They can seem overwhelming and downright confusing. However, knowing what each acronym means makes it much easier for shoppers to select the radio that’s right for them. Here’s a rundown of the various letters, logos, and labels buyers are likely to encounter when shopping for an emergency radio.

• NOAA: The NOAA broadcasts on seven dedicated frequencies in the United States and Canada. Emergency radios with the NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards logo are certified to receive alerts from the National Weather Service, the Department of Homeland Security, and from authorized regional Emergency Operation Centers. Look for this logo to ensure the radio will receive the highest number of alerts.
• IPAWS (Integrated Public Alert and Warning System): The IPAWS system, maintained by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency), broadcasts three major types of alerts: imminent threats, presidential pronouncements, and AMBER (missing person) Alerts.
• NWR (National Weather Radio): NWR indicates that the radio can pick up regional stations that broadcast weather-related news 24/7.
• EAS (Emergency Alert System): A radio with EAS receives broadcasts concerning national emergencies and regional warnings, including AMBER Alerts.
• Public Alert: The label “Public Alert” signifies that the radio was developed by the Consumer Electronics

Association in conjunction with the National Weather Service.
While governmental agencies do not endorse any specific manufacturer or brand, they do advise buyers to look for a radio that features both the NOAA All Hazards logo and the Public Alert label.

Charging Options

An emergency radio works when the power goes out. Many emergency radios are multipowered, meaning they feature two or more of the following charging options.

• Battery: This is one of the most common power options for emergency radios, but if the radio is battery-powered only, be sure to keep extra batteries on hand. Battery-powered radios may be compact, such as pocket radios, making them well suited to traveling.
• Solar: These radios feature solar panels that draw power from the sun’s rays.
  Hand crank: Because batteries eventually discharge and solar power may not be available during storms, a hand crank is a wise backup power source.
• Car charger: Some radios come with an additional charger that plugs into a vehicle so the device can charge while on the road.
• Standard electrical power: The ability to plug the radio into a standard outlet allows an AC adapter to run the radio when there is power, conserving battery life.

Key Features

Today’s emergency radios are often designed to serve multiple purposes. Use these options judiciously; the features that draw power will shorten battery life.

• Flashlight: Great for those times when a little light is needed during a power outage and there isn’t a regular flashlight.
• Flashing light: Useful for attracting attention when assistance is needed, like when a car breaks down alongside the road.
• Cell phone charger: Includes an auxiliary port for recharging cell phones and tablets.
• Speaker options: Most emergency radios have external speakers that permit anyone in the vicinity to listen, but a unit that allows headphones or earbuds can be helpful in certain situations (such as when children are sleeping nearby).
• Listener language options: Allows for listening to emergency broadcasts in languages other than English.
• Shortwave capability: Some models are capable of receiving shortwave broadcasts. Shortwave stations do not broadcast emergency information and alerts, but users can listen to broadcasts from all over the world.
• Digital clock: Handy for keeping track of time. Some radios also come with alarm clocks.
• Waterproof case: Protects the radio in rainy conditions.
• Impact-resistant case: Lets the radio really take a beating. It’s advisable for anyone who’s butterfingered or tough on gadgets.

Types of Emergency Radios

When it comes to emergency radios, there are two main types to consider.

Weather Alert Radio

Usually using a loud beep or tone, a weather alert radio notifies the user of the presence of imminent bad weather, such as a tornado, a hurricane, an impending winter storm, or even an earthquake. Weather radios broadcast alerts from the NOAA. However, users can zero in on a geographical region of interest, depending on whether it has SAME technology.

• Weather alert radios with SAME: Many of today’s emergency weather radios come with SAME, allowing radio users to block alerts meant for other geographic areas. When the SAME feature is activated, users will only receive alerts concerning their county or nearby counties.
• Weather alert radios without SAME: Users will receive all weather alerts from stations broadcasting within the user’s reception area, including alerts for regions that do not affect the listeners.

AM/FM Radio

The ability to pick up both AM and FM radio frequencies allows up-to-the-minute information on developing situations from both local stations and stations that are farther away. They also can be used to listen to music, making them a versatile addition to a home emergency kit.

The Advantages of Owning an Emergency Radio

A vital addition to any disaster plan, an emergency radio keeps users informed and aware of dangerous situations as they occur. They’re also an essential tool for receiving weather and other information to help keep loved ones and pets safe.

• An emergency radio that picks up NOAA broadcasts will keep users abreast of changing weather situations.
• Most emergency radios will sound an audible tone to alert users to the possibility of a potentially dangerous situation.
• Many of today’s emergency radios come with added features, such as a flashlight or the ability to charge a cell phone.

Tips for Using an Emergency Radio

Purchasing an emergency radio is a step toward protecting loved ones if an emergency occurs. While the hope is that an emergency radio will never be necessary, it can make good sense to plan ahead and be prepared. The following tips will help ensure the radio is ready to go in any situation.

• Store the emergency radio in an airtight, waterproof case, and if it requires batteries, store an ample supply.
• Check the emergency radio to ensure it’s working correctly before taking it on a camping or hiking trip.
• Owners should familiarize themselves with the radio’s functions as soon as possible so they won’t have to take time to read directions if an emergency occurs.

FAQs

Q. What kind of radio is used for emergencies?

One of the most critical functions of an emergency radio is the ability to receive NOAA alerts and broadcasts. Even more important is the ability to operate the radio without electrical power. This means the radio must have another power source, which may be by battery, solar, or hand crank.

Q. When would I need an emergency radio?

An emergency radio is helpful at home if the power goes out so you are able to receive vital information. They also are needed when camping or hiking to stay abreast of local weather conditions.

Q. What is a crank radio?

A hand-crank emergency radio derives power from manually cranking a handle. This type of radio will never run out of power as long as someone is there to turn the handle.

Q. How long do emergency radios last?

An emergency radio can last from 5 to 10 years or longer if it’s kept clean, dry, and is not dropped or otherwise abused.

The post The 9 Best Emergency Radios—No Electricity, No Wifi, No Cell Service Needed appeared first on Bob Vila.

Finding mold stains on the wall or ceiling of your home is certainly troubling. Mold is not something to mess around with. According to The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it can cause a range of health concerns, including a sore throat, burning eyes, wheezing, allergies, or even lung infections. 

Before you start thinking about how to test for mold or start remediating it, it can help to understand whether you’re dealing with a new issue or if the mold has been there for a while already. Tony Abate, a certified mold inspector and the vice president and technology officer at AtmosAir Solutions, explains that the age of the mold provides useful information about the extent of the problem you’re facing. “A spot that has just appeared may have less growth [on the underside of the surface] than a spot that has been there where the growth on the underside is likely more significant and the problem larger.” Ahead, discover how new and old mold can differ based on their color, texture, odor, and other characteristics.

Color

While the type of mold you’re dealing with can also impact its color, new and old spores also look different. According to Abate, “A brighter appearance would indicate newer growth, while older growth would be more muted or duller in appearance.” Older mold typically takes on a gray, blue, or black color.

Identifying the difference between mold and mildew can be a bit more challenging if you’re dealing with new mold. That is because, like new mold, mildew is often white or light gray in color. However, as the mold establishes itself and changes to a black, blue, or darker gray color, it should be easier to distinguish it from mildew.

Texture

The texture of the mold you’ve identified can offer information about its age, too. Newer mold will look slimy. You may also be able to see some webbing as the fresh mold is starting to establish itself and spread over a surface. If you were to try to wipe it off the surface, it likely wouldn’t come off very easily.

On the other hand, inactive mold lacks the slimy appearance of mold. Instead, it has a powdery texture. When wiped with your hand or a cloth, some of the mold may fall from the surface it is covering.

Odor

You may already know that odor is one key characteristic that can help you determine whether you’re dealing with water damage or mold, but did you know that it can also be a clue to the age of the mold you’ve spotted? Fresh mold typically has a stronger odor—that musty smell that we associate with mold and mildew. On the other hand, according to Abate, “Older growth can be less odorous, especially if the mold has become inactive.”

Moisture

“Moist environments provide one of the building blocks for mold growth. Any environment that has relative humidity or may have had water intrusion that was not cleaned up properly can foster mold growth,” says Abate. You may be able to determine the age of the mold based on when water or moisture were a problem.

For example, if your toilet recently overflowed in the bathroom, and you just discovered stains on the wall, they may have been caused by this recent leak and are likely fresh. Conversely, if water infiltrated your basement a few years ago (and you thought you had fully resolved the problem), but recently found mold on one of the affected walls, it might have been there for a few years already.

Growth

If you’ve been checking on those mold spots on the walls regularly, its rate of growth can also provide some clues into whether it is fresh. New mold often grows quickly. So, if you’ve noticed it spreading more rapidly, it might be a new problem.

However, Abate cautions against relying solely on the visible growth of the spores. He explains that the mold may still be growing where you can’t see it, such as behind your walls. “If you suspect mold growth or smell mildew odor, contact a professional to evaluate the situation and oftentimes a fast remediation can prevent a more extensive and costly problem. This is especially true if you experience any type of water leak,” he says.

The post Has That Mold Always Been There? A Guide to Recognizing Stains appeared first on Bob Vila.

Plastic is a huge part of our daily routine, making our lives more convenient. But many of us don’t realize how prevalent plastic is in our home—in everything from clothing to cookware to cleaning supplies. Besides the devastating amount of waste resulting from over 460 million metric tons of plastic produced each year globally, according to the United Nations Environment Programme, there are also health concerns to consider.  

Convenient plastic products like water bottles and food containers break down over time into tiny pieces less than 5 millimeters in size called microplastics. Consumer products like synthetic clothing fabric, cleaners, toothpaste, and skincare (e.g., microbeads) also contain the plastics. Microplastics can even appear as dust in our homes. 

Unfortunately, microplastics made from harmful chemicals like BPA (bisphenol A) and forever chemicals like PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are showing up more often in the water we drink and food we eat, and even making their way into our bodies. This has raised a red flag about the health damage that can result, including developmental, reproductive, and hormonal problems.  

As more people recognize these risks, it’s important to figure out how to avoid microplastics. Here are some steps you can take to reduce your exposure to microplastics in your home and boost home health and safety.

Avoid single-use plastics.

Plastics can take hundreds or even thousands of years to decompose. By avoiding using plastic products in the first place, you can make a dent in the amount of microplastics in the environment overall. This is especially critical with single-use plastics, or items meant to be used only once and then thrown away, like straws and take-out food containers. 

One study revealed that some plastic water bottles contain as many as 10,000 microplastic particles. Some locations have banned single-use products, but it’s really up to individuals to shift how much they use.

Here are a few ways to reduce single-use plastics in your life:

• Eat more fresh produce, such as by shopping at farmers markets, instead of items sold in plastic packaging.
• Replace single-use plastic water bottles with refillable BPA-free ones.
• Bring your own fabric bags when shopping.
• Ask for paper instead of plastic bags.
• Look for zero-waste grocery stores and other eco-conscious retailers.
• Swap disposable plastic straws for reusable metal, glass, or bamboo straws.

Change up your laundry routine.

Switching how you do laundry can significantly reduce the amount of microplastics produced in your home. As clothes tumble around in the washer and dryer, fibers can break down and shed microplastics. Synthetic fabrics made from plastic, such as polyester, acrylic, and nylon, are the biggest culprits, releasing hundreds of thousands of microplastics per load. 

Here are some adjustments you can make:

• Wash your clothing less often, and wash only full loads with cold water on a short cycle.
• Buy items made of natural fabrics like silk, wool, bamboo, organic cotton, and hemp instead of synthetics. 
• Opt for unscented liquid detergent since powder detergent can be abrasive. 
• Install a fiber-catching filter in your laundry machine to keep microplastics from washing out with the wastewater.
• Invest in a microfiber laundry bag to trap microplastics.
• Throw in a laundry ball to keep microfibers from breaking off of clothes in the first place.
• Avoid the delicate wash setting, which uses more water than a normal cycle.
• Air-dry clothes using a drying rack or clothesline.

Install an effective water filter.

Unfortunately, microplastics have been detected in our drinking water as well. In fact, a 2019 study revealed that plastic fibers are in nearly 95 percent of samples of U.S. tap water. By installing a water filter, you can address this issue in your own home. 

Choose a reverse osmosis water filtration system, known to be the most effective filtering option. Reverse osmosis is a process that uses energy to force water through an extremely thin semi-permeable membrane that separates chemicals from the water. An under-the-sink reverse osmosis system costs about $200 to $300, plus an additional $200 to $300 a year to maintain. Whole-house reverse osmosis versions also are available; they can cost thousands of dollars and require a plumber to install them.

Swap nonstick cookware for healthier alternatives.

While nonstick pots and pans add ease to cooking and cleaning afterward, they could be harming your health. A new collaborative study in 2024 found that the synthetic chemicals used in nonstick cookware can release microplastics into food during food preparation. If the coating in Teflon pans, for example, is scratched or broken, millions of microplastics can be released when heated. Choose safer cookware alternatives like cast-iron, ceramic, carbon steel, and stainless steel pans that have stood the test of time. 

Choose eco-friendly cleaning supplies.

Conventional cleaning supplies filled with toxic chemicals like bleach, ammonia, and phthalates that are stored in plastic containers can shed tiny plastic particles over time. Replace these cleaners with more eco-friendly brands like those approved by the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safer Choice program or DIY alternatives like baking soda and vinegar. 

Additionally, ditch melamine sponges for more eco-friendly options. Recent research shows how melamine foam, such as the material found in the Mr. Clean Magic Eraser sponges, contains microplastics that end up in the water supply, soil, and food chain as the sponges disintegrate. Microfiber dishcloths and kitchen brushes also shed microplastics. 

Choose safer alternatives like Swedish dishcloths made from wood pulp and cotton, cellulose sponges made from wood pulp or plant cellulose, coconut scrubbers made from coconut fibers or husks, loofahs made from dried gourds, bamboo brushes made of bamboo and natural bristles, and hemp sponges made of hemp fibers. 

The post How to Reduce Microplastics in Your Home in 2025 appeared first on Bob Vila.

Weather-related emergencies are often unpredictable, so stocking a survival kit with a hand-crank radio is one step toward keeping in touch with the world around you.

Today’s models have built-in extras and features—from flashlights and built-in batteries to phone-charging ports and solar-powered options—that maximize the chances of staying safe. We spent 3 days field testing eight different hand-crank radios to find out which features matter most and which ones boost overall functionality during an extended power outage. Our top pick was the DaringSnail MD090P Emergency Weather Hand Crank Radio, thanks to its excellent reception and long-lasting battery.

Read on to learn more about our shopping priorities to increase safety and security during weather events and how each of the best hand crank radios performed in our tests.

1. BEST OVERALL: DaringSnail MD090P Emergency Weather Hand-Crank Radio
   ↓ Jump to Review
2. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Esky Portable Emergency Weather Hand-Crank Radio
   ↓ Jump to Review
3. BEST DIGITAL TUNING: Eton FRX3 American Red Cross Multi-Powered Radio
   ↓ Jump to Review
4. BEST SHORTWAVE: Kaito KA500 AM FM Shortwave Solar Hand-Crank Radio
   ↓ Jump to Review
5. BEST COMPACT: Midland ER40 Emergency Hand-Crank Radio
   ↓ Jump to Review
6. BEST WEATHERPROOF: Eton Scorpion II Rugged Multi-Powered Weather Radio
   ↓ Jump to Review

Our Top Picks

Whether shoppers need a small radio to stow away in a pocket or glove box or a larger option with longer battery life and built-in features, this guide can help. We tested eight different models, each of which excels in its own way. In our reviews ahead, find out how each hand-crank radio performed and why we consider these among the best hand-crank radios for use in emergencies.

Best Overall

DaringSnail MD090P Emergency Weather Hand-Crank Radio

See It

What We Like

• Large 4,000mAh rechargeable battery
• Excellent AM, FM, and NOAA Weather Radio reception
• Easy-to-use analog display
• Compact and lightweight construction
• Motion-sensor light conserves battery in a power outage

What We Don’t Like

• No automated alert feature
• Stiff tuning knob

Specs

• Power 4,000mAh rechargeable battery (Li-ion)
• Frequencies AM, FM, and NOAA
• Size 6.5 inches long by 3.25 inches high by 2.5 inches deep
• Weight 13.35 ounces

DaringSnail’s emergency crank radio boasts the necessary features for responsible and streamlined emergency preparedness. This radio features a replaceable 4,000 milliampere hour (mAh) lithium-ion battery and three different methods for charging: a folding hand crank, a USB charger, and a built-in solar panel. The micro USB charges the battery in 6 hours; spinning the hand crank for 1 minute provides up to 30 minutes of flashlight time or 6 minutes of radio. The radio measures 6.5 inches long by 3.25 inches high by 2.5 inches deep, and it weighs 13.35 ounces.

This hand-crank radio offers AM and FM radio reception as well as seven NOAA weather stations for monitoring emergency weather conditions. A telescoping antenna helps maintain clear reception. The built-in flashlight offers three modes, including settings for far, dipped (pointing downward), and both beams at the same time. There is also a built-in reading lamp underneath the solar panel, allowing users to light up the room during power outages. Additionally, a motion sensor picks up movement and illuminates the lamp for 30 seconds. 

We awarded the DaringSnail radio Best Overall because of its combination of affordability, radio reception, sound quality, and battery size. In our opinion, this no-frills option offers the best combination of features for emergencies. In our tests, it tied for the best overall reception and offered pretty good sound quality. 

The analog display with manual tuning and on/off/audio knobs were easy and intuitive to operate. But, because the tuner turned somewhat stiffly, precision tuning wasn’t easy. We picked up plenty of clear FM stations, but most of the AM stations came in with some amount of static.

This radio would fit in a travel bag easily, adding less than a pound. In addition to its signal sensitivity, it offers the added benefit of storing enough electricity to boost a cell phone charge. It provided a 50 percent cell phone charge in a couple of hours, with enough left in the battery to power the radio for 10 hours straight at a low volume. 

For a depleted battery, cranking for a minute at two to three turns per second provided 6 to 10 minutes of radio runtime. The solar panel was best used as a battery maintainer, as it only charged effectively when the radio was powered off and placed outdoors with unobstructed sunlight angled directly onto the panel. In this scenario, solar charging for 6 hours provided about 5 hours of runtime.

Read our full review: DaringSnail MD090P Emergency Weather Hand Crank Radio

What our tester says: “The DaringSnail Emergency Weather Hand Crank Radio offers excellent AM, FM, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather radio reception with good sound quality. The MD090P also boasts a large-capacity battery that makes phone charging easy while leaving plenty of power for continued runtime.” –Mark Wolfe, Product Reviews tester and writer.

Get the DaringSnail hand-crank radio at Amazon or DaringSnail.

Best Bang for the Buck

Esky Portable Emergency Weather Hand-Crank Radio

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What We Like

• Pocket-size, lightweight emergency radio is easy to pack and carry
• Long-lasting battery life while operating
• Works as a portable phone charger or flashlight

What We Don’t Like

• Suitable for emergency charging only
• Limited functionality beyond radio, flashlight, and emergency charger
• Built-in lithium-ion battery has a 5-year life expectancy

Specs

• Power 2,000mAh rechargeable battery (Li-ion)
• Frequencies AM, FM, and NOAA
• Size 5.25 inches long by 2.5 inches high by 2 inches deep
• Weight 7.45 ounces

Sometimes a small, inexpensive option that really works is the best choice. Those shopping for the cheapest, smallest, and lightest weather radio possible may want to consider the Esky portable emergency weather radio. It measures 5.25 inches long by 2.5 inches high by 2 inches deep and weighs just 7.45 ounces, making it a good option for commuters. Although this little device doesn’t offer many extras, it picks up nearby AM, FM, and NOAA weather stations, and, having recently been upgraded, it now includes a 2,000mAh battery that can boost a cell phone for a quick emergency call if needed.

Although this radio is small and relatively spartan, it does include the emergency features we find most important. Standard and micro USB ports facilitate charging of other devices and AC charging of the onboard battery. The battery can also be charged with the hand crank or via the small solar panel. The three-LED flashlight offers basic on/off functionality. A telescoping antenna helps ensure the best possible reception of FM and NOAA signals, while an internal antenna receives AM frequencies. Since we tested this product, Esky has upgraded the battery to 2,000mAh (compared to the 1,000mAh that we used), so we have linked to those here, as the 1,000mAh model is no longer available. We look forward to testing this upgraded version soon.

In our tests, with the 1,000mAh battery fully charged, the Esky radio offered 6.5 hours of radio runtime. We would expect to get closer to 14 hours from the updated battery in the current model, and the price appears to be the same as before. With the smaller battery that we tested, we only recommend using it to boost a cell phone to 5 or 10 percent charge for texting or emergency calls in order to leave adequate radio battery life. But with double the available power in the updated Esky radio, charging for app usage and other smartphone functions becomes a more realistic option.

We really liked the compact size of this radio that easily fits in a jacket pocket, backpack, or purse for daily carry. It weighs less than half a pound—similar to the weight of a smartphone. Also, the low-profile on/off/volume and tuning knobs won’t catch on other items when removing the radio from a pocket or bag. 

The only problem with the unit’s small size was that the analog display was not easy to read or super accurate when it came to finding a known frequency/station visually. When we were close to the known station, we sometimes had to slow down and move the dial back and forth a few times to home in on it.

Get the Esky hand-crank radio at Amazon.

Best Digital Tuning

Eton FRX3 American Red Cross Multi-Powered Radio

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What We Like

• Digital tuning and alarm clock functions
• The 2,600mAh battery holds plenty of power
• Features a bright LED flashlight with flashing red SOS function
• Efficient solar and hand-crank charging systems

What We Don’t Like

• Control panel is covered by the carry handle

Specs

• Power 2,600mAh (Li-ion)
• Frequencies AM, FM, and NOAA
• Size 6.75 inches long by 6 inches high by 2.5 inches deep
• Weight 1 pound 2.9 ounces

Those concerned about keeping their crank radio charged and available will appreciate the American Red Cross Emergency NOAA Weather Radio from Eton. This digital radio is easy to tune to AM and FM radio as well as all seven NOAA stations. The slim design fits nicely on a counter or nightstand, and the alarm clock function means it can also be used as an everyday radio or clock.

This crank radio’s 2,600mAh battery charges via USB, solar, or the hand crank. The solar panel is surrounded by a glow-in-the-dark rim that makes it easy to find the device at night. Charging devices is easy with the built-in USB port. It provides an automatic weather-alert function that sounds when a weather advisory is activated for the signal area, and the built-in three-LED flashlight can light the way to safety. 

When it came to radio reception, the Eton FRX3 American Red Cross crank radio tied for the best overall among our test group. It transmitted clearer sound with less static than the analog radios, possibly due to having one of the longest telescoping antennas (23 inches, compared to an average of 16 inches for the group) and because it locked in on the signal wavelength with greater precision.

The included Weather Alert function was a helpful feature that only four of our tested radios offered. It extends battery life by eliminating the need for constant radio play and automatically turns on the radio when an alert is issued by NOAA. 

Another nice feature was the included clock function. Only half the radios in our test group included a clock, and just two included an alarm clock function. Tracking time accurately is critical when dealing with injuries, and it comes in handy for mundane chores like periodically refueling a generator.

We were also impressed with the relatively fast charging power of the FRX3’s solar panel. It only took about 10 hours to recharge the depleted battery completely, whereas the others took twice as long or longer. Cranking the handle also seemed to produce more efficient results than average. At a rate of two to three turns per second, 1 minute of cranking powered about 10 to 15 minutes of radio runtime.

Get the Eton FRX3 hand-crank radio at Amazon, Ace Hardware, The Home Depot, Lowe’s, American Red Cross, or Walmart (2-pack).

Best Shortwave

Kaito KA500 AM FM Shortwave Solar Hand-Crank Radio

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What We Like

• Features AM, FM, NOAA, and shortwave radio bands
• Multiple charging methods
• Also works with 3 AA alkaline batteries
• Preprogrammed NOAA radio frequencies

What We Don’t Like

• Smaller-than-average rechargeable battery offers less runtime per charge

Specs

• Power 600mAh rechargeable battery (NiMH)
• Frequencies AM, FM, NOAA, SW1, and SW2
• Size 8.5 inches long by 5.5 inches high by 2.75 inches deep
• Weight 1 pound 3.1 ounces

Those who want more functionality and a broader range of reception may be considering a shortwave radio option. Shortwave radio frequencies are transmitted over much longer distances of hundreds or thousands of miles, and are often used by international broadcasters and audiences. The Kaito KA500 hand-crank radio offers the AM, FM, and NOAA Weather Radio bands that are locally important during power outages and emergency situations, as well as two shortwave radio bands, 3.2 to 10.0 megahertz and 10.0 to 22.0 megahertz, for curious listeners. 

The radio features a large analog display, a telescoping antenna, and manual control knobs for AM/FM/SW1/SW2 tuning, volume, off/power mode, band selection, and weather band tuning. It comes equipped with a built-in 600mAh nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) rechargeable battery that may be charged by AC adapter, USB PC connection, hand crank, or with the built-in solar panel. Users also have the option to install three AA alkaline batteries to power the radio. The three-way light switch features a LED flashlight with display backlight, red flashing SOS, and five LED reading lamp modes.

The Kaito Voyager measures 8.5 inches long by 5.5 inches high by 2.75 inches deep. It weighs 1 pound 3.1 ounces. In testing, it scored 4 out of 5 on both reception and audio quality, plus it earned extra feature points as the only model we tested with shortwave reception.

We noted that the KA500 features a smaller-than-average battery that provides about 4 hours of runtime per charge. The fact that it works with conventional AA batteries makes it a bit more flexible than most of the other radios we tested, although the charge from AA batteries cannot be used to charge other devices. 

In many circumstances, this may not be the best option for primary cell phone battery backup. But the fact that the hand crank can be used to charge a phone directly—instead of charging the radio battery first and then dump charging the phone from the radio battery—is a faster, more direct way to get emergency power into a phone. In our tests, the solar charger worked slowly, only moving the battery indicator light from “LOW” to “HI” after about 12 hours.

Get the Kaito hand-crank radio at Amazon,Kaito Radios,or Walmart.

Best Compact

Midland ER40 Emergency Hand-Crank Radio

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What We Like

• Fits into a backpack, purse, or cargo pocket
• The 2,600mAh battery can charge a phone
• Emergency Weather Alert feature preserves battery life
• Bright 3-way LED flashlight

What We Don’t Like

• Audio quality not great for casual listening

Specs

• Power 2,600mAh rechargeable battery (Li-ion)
• Frequencies AM, FM, and NOAA
• Size 6.25 inches long by 3.25 inches tall by 2 inches deep
• Weight 11.45 ounces

The Midland ER40 emergency crank radio is built for everyday use, keeping users informed in case of emergency. It picks up AM, FM, and NOAA Weather Radio, and it features a Weather Alert mode that can automatically tune in whenever an emergency weather alert is issued for the broadcast area of a selected NOAA channel. The ER40 is powered by a 2,600mAh lithium-ion battery that may be charged with the included micro USB cable, the built-in hand crank, or the built-in solar panel. 

Measuring 6.25 inches long by 3.25 inches tall by 2 inches deep, and weighing in at 11.45 ounces, the radio is easily packable for travel. It features digital tuning with a backlit LCD clock display screen. The LED flashlight function includes high and low beams as well as an SOS strobe mode.

In our tests, the Midland ER40 showed excellent runtime, rapid recharging, good reception, and fair sound quality. The radio ran for 27 hours on a full charge, and cranking the handle for a minute at two to three turns per second gave an additional 15 to 20 minutes of runtime. This radio offered significantly better reception than the similarly sized Esky and Eton Scorpion II radios we tested, with slightly better sound quality, too. 

Another significant standout feature is the 2,600mAh battery. In addition to offering lots of straight running time, it was able to boost our cell phone battery from 5 percent to 25 percent in less than an hour, and it still had power left for hours of radio play. Those looking for a hand-crank radio that doubles as a cell phone battery backup would do well choosing this model.

Get the Midland hand-crank radio at Amazon, Crutchfield, Best Buy, Micro Center, B&H, or Bass Pro Shops.

Best Weatherproof

Eton Scorpion II Rugged Multi-Powered Weather Radio

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What We Like

• Faster scanning with digital tuning
• Certified IPX4 splash-proof
• Compact size and lightweight construction
• Includes a built-in carabiner and bottle opener

What We Don’t Like

• Best reception within 50 miles of the broadcast tower
• Limited battery size

Specs

• Power 800mAh rechargeable battery (Li-ion)
• Frequencies AM, FM, and NOAA
• Size 6.5 inches long by 2.5 inches wide by 2 inches deep
• Weight 10.35 ounces

For off-grid adventures, an emergency radio must meet multiple preparedness needs. The Eton Scorpion II features rugged construction and splash-proof certification that ensure safe, reliable outdoor operation in any weather. This AM, FM, NOAA Weather radio features a digital tuner with LCD clock display, telescoping antenna, LED flashlight, and emergency siren.

This packable radio measures 6.5 inches long by 2.5 inches wide by 2 inches deep, and it weighs 10.35 ounces. The rubber exterior skin provides slip resistance for wet hands and shock protection in case of accidental drops. A carabiner and bottle opener are built into the exterior of the radio housing for added versatility. The 800mAh lithium-ion battery can be charged with the included mini USB cable, the hand crank, or the built-in solar panel. A USB out port supports cell phone charging from the battery.

We were impressed right away with the sturdy construction of the Eton Scorpion II. The compact, stocky build and rugged housing felt more durable and ready for outdoor use than any of the other models we tested. This was also the only radio with an Ingress Protection (IPX) rating for splash resistance: IPX4 means it is safe for operating in rainy weather, but should not be submerged in water.

We considered the overall operation to be good for local emergencies. The radio received stations within 40 to 50 miles but not the weak or distant signals that some of the other radios detected. Rural users may need to seek an elevated or unobstructed location for best reception. The sound quality was adequate for emergency use, but not great for casual listening.

The smaller-than-average battery (800mAh) powered 13 hours of continuous radio play. Charging the depleted battery for 1 minute with the hand crank added about 5 minutes of radio time. Like the other small-battery radios we tested, this one should only be relied upon for a minimal cell phone boost—not for a significant recharge. 

Get the Eton Scorpion II hand-crank radio at Amazon, Ace Hardware,The Home Depot,Lowe’s, Bass Pro Shops, or Walmart.

Jump to Our Top Picks

How We Tested the Best Hand-Crank Radios 

We set up testing scenarios to simulate the types of real-world events, such as severe storms and power outages, that hand-crank radios are designed to meet. In order to get a real feel for how each model would perform, we created a scoring rubric that included battery life, charging capabilities, radio signal reception, audio quality, portability, and additional features that might make sheltering in place a little easier. 

We started by recording the physical dimensions and weight of each radio and charging the batteries. Next we counted the number of AM, FM, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) stations that each radio received in three different locations and awarded 1 to 5 points for signal reception. We also scored the radios on a 1 to 5 scale according to overall sound quality. Finally, we awarded additional points for such bonus features as charging ports for other devices, clocks, LED lights, and battery efficiency observed by a runtime test.

What to Consider When Choosing a Hand-Crank Radio

Hand-crank radios might seem old school, but the newer products on the market feature modern technology that makes them more versatile than ever before. Read on to discover several of the most important considerations to keep in mind while shopping for the best hand-crank radio, from supported frequencies to weatherproof qualities to portability and more. 

Power

Today’s hand-crank radios are all about usable power. In fact, many of the best hand-crank radios can charge or run using several power-source options, such as accepting replaceable batteries and featuring onboard batteries that charge via a solar panel or a USB port. Most of these devices can also charge cell phones or flashlights in a pinch.

When it comes to battery size, there are options as compact as 600mAh batteries, which are ideal for packing in a bag or stowing in a glove box, and larger 4,000mAh batteries for longer charging and flashlight usability. Some larger batteries offer more than 20 hours of radio time or 15 hours of flashlight power. While they might take 10 to 15 minutes of cranking for a usable charge, users can replenish the battery and charge devices even when the power is out.

Supported Frequencies

While weather-related frequencies should be the main focus of a hand-crank radio, entertainment can go a long way toward maintaining morale when the power is out. A high-quality hand-crank radio should be easy to swap between several frequencies.

Emergency radios are capable of AM, FM, and weather-band frequencies from the National Weather Service. Music, talk shows, sports reports, and more are available on AM/FM frequencies. FM radio waves don’t travel as far, and as such, these local radio stations provide locale-specific reports, including weather-related closings and emergency information valuable to people living or working in the area. This detailed information might not be available on the weather bands, so it’s an important feature to consider.

Waterproof Rating 

Whether it’s used as a piece of gear for camping or in the event of hazardous weather conditions, the best hand-crank radio might have a weatherproof rating that guarantees the device is reliable in tough conditions. These radios will resist damage from water, dust, and other detrimental elements, ensuring users are able to stay up to date on the latest emergency information.

Often, manufacturers test their products using IPX ratings 0 through 6. The most common designation for the best hand-crank radios is IPX3, which means these radios are protected against water and dust sprayed onto the device from any angle up to 60 degrees. While that might seem complicated, the gist is that IPX3-rated products may offer more weather-related protection than non-IPX-rated products.

NOAA Weather Alerts 

If there is one feature at which the best hand-crank radio might excel, it’s accessing the NOAA emergency weather updates. NOAA maintains a network of radio stations throughout the country, and reports run continuously, 24 hours a day. These reports warn against storms, earthquakes, avalanches, and other public safety concerns relevant to the region.

While weather reports and updates might be available on a standard radio, NOAA broadcasts its reports at higher frequencies than FM radios can pick up. NOAA-enabled radios can tune into several of these frequencies, keeping users up to date on emergencies and changing conditions.

Additional Features

The most important feature a radio can provide is information, but the best hand-crank radio might have more to offer. Many of these devices have built-in options that can increase comfort, morale, and survivability. A clock display can help the user monitor anything from timing of medication to the next time the generator will need fuel. Features like compasses help guide explorers, while thermometers can point out when conditions are unsafe and it’s time to set up camp for the night.

Built-in flashlights are incredibly helpful. The best hand-crank radio for a given situation may include one or two lights, helping to navigate lights-out scenarios. These radios might feature a small flashlight beam as well as a light that operates as a lamp, illuminating a room with a wider beam of light. When these lights drain the battery, a few minutes spent spinning the hand crank can have them back up and running.

Portability 

Some emergencies require evacuating or heading for higher ground, while a planned-for adventure might simply require packing lightly. Whatever the situation, compact and lightweight hand-crank radios will be the most portable. While most of the best hand-crank radios are compact and easy to transport, there are a few points to consider beyond size and weight.

Folding handles and telescoping antennas help the design of these emergency tools remain streamlined and easy to pack. Likewise, the best hand-crank radio for portability might have a smaller battery to keep it even lighter for carrying. A design with handles to which a carabiner can clip might make one model the best hand-crank radio for strapping to a backpack. Balancing portability and usability will help ensure the radio is functional and easy to keep on hand.

The Advantages of Owning a Hand-Crank Radio

• Hand-crank radios keep users up to date on dangerous weather and public safety situations. Having such a device means always having the information necessary to stay safe. By tuning in to NOAA weather stations, owners can stay alert to changing conditions, emergency situations, and other life-saving information. With automatic alerts, a hand-crank radio can prepare users and their household for tornadoes, hurricanes, blizzards, and other public safety emergencies.
• Hand-crank radios allow owners to stay in touch with loved ones in an emergency by charging their phone while the power is out. They make excellent power banks for charging devices during power outages. By cranking the handle for 10 to 15 minutes, users should be able to charge a smartphone for quite a while, allowing them to make emergency calls or send text messages to check on loved ones.
• Users won’t be without a flashlight for more than a few minutes, as a few turns on the crank will keep the light working. Hand-crank radios also provide renewable energy for flashlights and other needs. Between the built-in solar panels charging the battery during the day and the hand crank for charging after sundown, users never have to be without a flashlight for more than a few minutes. 

FAQs 

While hand-crank radios aren’t new technology, there is a lot to know about their different features and how the devices work. Below is a collection of some of the most common questions about hand-crank radios and our succinct answers.

The post Our Favorite Hand-Crank Radio is Perfect for Emergency Preparedness With 20 Hours of Runtime appeared first on Bob Vila.

While documents such as medical records, banking statements, and bills can be stored in the cloud or on digital thumb drives, paper documents still play a role in business and personal life. It’s important to protect and store them properly and securely. Whether looking to secure a will, a visa, a certified copy of a birth certificate, or even valuables like jewelry or a laptop, a fireproof document bag can help.

We decided to test several fireproof document bags to determine which models stood out above the rest. Our favorite was the Engpow Fireproof File Organizer Bag With Lock, which was large enough to store plenty of important documents and managed to keep them safe against intense heat. Keep reading to learn how all of the products performed in our hands-on tests and earned the title of being a best fireproof document bag for inclusion in this guide.

1. BEST OVERALL: Engpow Fireproof File Organizer Bag With Lock
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2. RUNNER-UP: Roloway X-Large Fireproof Bag
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3. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Colcase Fireproof Document Bag
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4. BEST WITH WATERPROOF: FlyPal Fireproof and Water-Resistant Bag
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5. BEST LARGE: DocSafe Multilayer Fireproof Document Bag 
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6. BEST SMALL: Roloway Small Fireproof Money Bag
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Our Top Picks

These fireproof document bags all handle intense heat and feature strong, reliable closures. Depending on the specific need, the best fireproof document bag for any shopper might well be among the following models.

Best Overall

Engpow Fireproof File Organizer Bag With Lock

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Performance 5/5; Value 5/5

Product Specs 

• Heat resistance: 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit
• Size: 10.63 inches tall by 14.18 inches wide by 3.94 inches deep
• Materials: Silicone-treated fiberglass 

What We Like

• 4 mesh bags can hold multiple items and documents
• 2 compartment folders offer plenty of space for larger items
• Includes a combination lock to keep sensitive documents safe

What We Don’t Like

• The smaller bag suffered quite a bit of damage, so it would be better used inside the main bag.

Featuring multiple fireproof layers and numerous compartments, the Engpow fireproof document bag is well suited for protecting valuable items while keeping them organized for easy retrieval. It measures 10.63 inches tall by 14.17 inches wide by 3.93 inches deep, offering plenty of room in the main compartment to store letter-size folders and papers. 

This model is constructed of two layers of silicone-treated fiberglass that protects the contents from heat up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. It also includes a combination lock to keep the contents secure. The inside of the zippered top contains four mesh bags for securing passports or certificates and two additional compartment folders to hold items like business cards and up to four flash drives.

The Engpow bag withstood the heat better than any other full-size bag in our testing. The zipper and its seam melted, but the rest of the bag was almost entirely unscathed. We also liked the dividers inside the bag for organizing documents, IDs, cards, and other important items. It came with an additional smaller bag that we could place inside for extra protection. However, that bag took much more damage—although the paper inside remained intact.

Read our full review: Engpow Fireproof File Organizer Bag With Lock

Get the Engpow fireproof document bag at Amazon.

Runner-Up

Roloway X-Large Fireproof Bag

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Performance 4.5/5; Value 5/5

Product Specs 

• Heat resistance: 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit
• Size: 12 inches tall by 15 inches wide by 5 inches deep
• Materials: Silicone-coated and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-coated fiberglass 

What We Like

• Large storage space to store a wide variety of items of different sizes
• Combination of zipper and Velcro-type closure ensures a tight seal
• Includes a comfortable rubber handle and adjustable shoulder strap 

What We Don’t Like

• Storage in a fireproof briefcase or safe recommended 

For protecting documents and other valuables from heat up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, shoppers will want to consider this Roloway fireproof document bag. The bag measures 12 inches tall by 15 inches wide by 5 inches deep, which is large enough to store a stack of documents along with other valuables, or even a laptop. 

This bag is made from two layers of silicone-coated fiberglass. It features a high-quality, lockable zipper (lock not included) and a Velcro-type closure. It also includes both a handle and an adjustable shoulder strap.

The Roloway did take some damage during our test, especially around the hook and loop flap. It also smoked considerably more than the other bags. We were initially concerned that the smoke was the paper burning inside, but it stayed in perfect condition. Overall, this is a relatively simple bag with a lot of storage space, making it a solid choice for anyone looking to protect quite a few documents in the event of a fire. 

Get the Roloway extra-large fireproof document bag at Amazon.

Best Bang for the Buck

Colcase Fireproof Document Bag

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Performance 4/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Heat resistance: 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit
• Size: 15 inches tall by 11 inches wide
• Materials: Silicone-coated fiberglass and aluminum foil

What We Like

• Zipper and flap closure with 2 separate compartments help organize documents
• Dual-layered design provides additional protection from fire
• Pockets are large enough to fit legal-size documents 

What We Don’t Like

• Paper was still intact after the testing but did sustain some damage
• Number of documents the bag can hold is limited by its size

Protecting valuable documents doesn’t have to break the bank. The Colcase fireproof document bag comes with an affordable price tag and resists 2,000 degree Fahrenheit conditions with dual layers of silicone-coated fiberglass. 

This 100 percent fireproof bag is 15 inches tall by 11 inches wide, making it suitable for small and large documents, jewelry, or a laptop. To ensure even more protection, it features both a zipper and a flap closure. 

The Colcase bag was the only document bag in our testing that allowed the paper inside to burn at all. However, the paper was still intact after the test, which truly surprised us due to the significant damage that the bag sustained. This bag won’t hold many documents, so users will have to prioritize which documents they protect and which they risk (or buy multiple document bags). 

Get the Colcase fireproof document bag at Amazon.

Best with Waterproof

FlyPal Fireproof and Water-Resistant Bag

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 3.5/5; Performance 3.8/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Heat resistance: 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit
• Size: 12.6 inches tall by 16.6 inches wide by 6.5 inches deep
• Materials: Silicone gel, fiberglass, aluminum foil, and nonwoven fabric

What We Like

• Plenty of interior space for larger items, such as cell phones or hard drives
• Includes a lock for an extra layer of security

What We Don’t Like

• Zipper was difficult to use even before being exposed to extreme temperature

The Flypal fireproof and water-resistant document bag is a reliable and secure solution for safeguarding important documents and valuables. This bag is capable of withstanding temperatures up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and the impressive features make it a must-have for protecting belongings.

The FlyPal bag is equipped with a lock, providing an added layer of security. With a spacious interior and an additional zipper pouch, this bag is 12.6 inches tall by 16.6 inches wide by 6.5 inches deep, which is large enough to organize documents, cell phones, or even external hard drives and keep them readily accessible. 

The first few seconds of our heat test for the FlyPal bag were initially concerning. The hook-and-loop closures failed immediately, and the flap started to funnel hot air right toward the zipper. The lock also started to melt immediately. However, after 10 minutes, it didn’t withstand much more damage and survived the testing quite well. The paper inside was still completely intact. Our biggest complaint with this model was that it was difficult to work the zipper even long before we exposed it to the heat. 

Get the FlyPal fireproof document bag at Amazon.

Best Large

DocSafe Multilayer Fireproof Document Bag

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 5/5; Performance 5/5; Value 3/5

Product Specs 

• Heat resistance: 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit
• Size:12.5 inches tall by 17 inches wide by 7.2 inches deep
• Materials: Silicone-coated fiberglass and aluminum foil

What We Like

• Large size provides fireproof storage of multiple items and documents
• Multiple compartments and pockets can neatly store documents, jewelry, and electronics
• Exterior reflective strip allows for better visibility

What We Don’t Like

• The reflective strip melted away almost immediately during testing

The DocSafe fireproof document bag is an ideal solution for keeping a large number of important documents and valuables secure and protected. This bag is a generous 12.5 inches tall by 17 inches wide by 7.2 inches deep, offering ample storage capacity for all essential items. 

Designed with multiple pockets, slots, and compartments, the bag will help organize belongings with ease—from passports and legal documents to USB drives and jewelry. One notable feature of the DocSafe bag is the reflective strip on its exterior. This strip enhances visibility, so the bag is easier to locate in low-light conditions or emergencies, such as a house fire. 

The DocSafe bag was one of the most secure and durable bags in our testing. While the reflective strip only lasted about 30 seconds, the rest of the bag fared well, though it was far from reusable. The closure stayed shut, and the zipper remained mostly functional. Just as was the case with most of the bags in our testing, the paper inside the bag remained in perfect condition. 

Get the DocSafe fireproof document bag at Amazon.

Best Small

Roloway Small Fireproof Money Bag

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Our Ratings: Ease of Use 4/5; Performance 4/5; Value 4/5

Product Specs 

• Heat resistance: 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit
• Size: 5 inches tall by 8 inches wide 
• Materials: Silicone-coated fiberglass 

What We Like

• Compact size is suitable for small items and travel
• Fold-over Velcro-type closure keeps contents securely in place
• Affordable compared to similar options available

What We Don’t Like

• Best if stored in a fireproof safe or a larger fireproof bag 

Just the right size for safely stowing cash, a passport, or folded documents, the Roloway fireproof bag tucks inside a suitcase or a backpack easily. It measures a diminutive 5 inches tall by 8 inches wide and will protect valuables in temperatures up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. 

This Roloway money bag is made from silicone-coated fiberglass and features a fold-over Velcro-type closure at the top. Pair it with a larger fireproof bag for added security, or store it in a fireproof safe for even more protection.

After testing the thin Colcase fireproof document bag (our #3 pick), during which the paper sustained some damage, we had similar concerns about this small bag. We feared it would burn quickly, as would the paper inside. However, that wasn’t the case. The bag withstood the flames quite well. The edges of the hook-and-loop flap melted, but the zipper and the paper inside stayed intact. In fact, the bag was mostly reusable, which surprised us. 

Get the Roloway small fireproof document bag at Amazon.

Jump to Our Top Picks

What to Consider When Choosing a Fireproof Document Bag 

A fireproof document bag is more “fire-resistant” than fireproof, as this type of protective bag can and will fail to protect its contents from a raging fire. Instead, it offers a modicum of security against intense heat if a fire starts and the document bag is nearby. 

Most fireproof document bags are made from silicone-treated fiberglass, and the better ones include two or more layers of treated fiberglass for added heat protection. Some also feature aluminum foil liners. If the bag is amid actual flames, don’t expect the contents to escape unscathed. For absolute fire protection, consider a fireproof safe that is rated to withstand flames for 1 or 2 hours. 

Fire-Resistance 

No federal regulations exist for testing fireproof document bags, but manufacturers use materials known to be fire-resistant. To determine the level of fireproof protection, look for the maximum amount of heat the bag can withstand, typically between 1,000 and 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

Size and Compartments

Fireproof document bags range in size from envelope-size bags with a single compartment to larger briefcase-size bags with multiple zipped compartments or pockets for keeping papers organized. Additionally, some fireproof document bags sell in sets, with a smaller bag the user can tuck inside the larger bag for additional protection.

Water and Heat Resistance

Most manufacturers also advertise their fireproof bags as waterproof or water-resistant, which is an important feature. If the bag is in a burning house or the trunk of a car that’s in flames, the fire is likely to be doused with a water hose, so it’s essential to have a level of water protection for the stored documents in the bag.

Lockability and Closure Style

Fireproof document bags typically close with either a zipper made from fire-resistant materials, or they feature a snug-fitting Velcro-type closure. Some models include more than one type of closure, such as an interior zipper and an additional Velcro-type closure, increasing the bag’s fire resistance.

Items Being Stored

Common items stored in a fireproof document bag include property records, birth certificates, paper money, passports, and notes with written passwords to online accounts. Some bags are large enough to add other valuables, such as jewelry, antique photographs, digital thumb drives, or even tablets or laptops.

Tips for Using a Fireproof Document Bag 

Simply storing documents in a fireproof bag offers a measure of protection, but don’t stop there—always store the bag itself in a safe location. A few tips can help users gain the most protection from a fireproof document bag. 

• When selecting a fireproof document bag, consider choosing a size larger than necessary to accommodate additional items in the future.
• The higher the fire-resistant rating of the bag, the safer the items will be. For optimal protection, look for a bag that can withstand at least 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Fireproof bags can trap moisture inside, making documents smell musty or encouraging mold or mildew. Make sure all papers and valuables are dry before placing them in the bag.

FAQs 

Fireproof document bags offer some protection for essential paperwork and other items against heat damage, but they don’t offer a 100 percent guarantee against a raging fire. Shoppers considering purchasing a fireproof document bag likely have some questions.

Meet the Tester

Tom Scalisi is a full-time DIY and construction writer for many of the largest websites in the industry, including BobVila.com, This Old House, Family Handyman, and Forbes. He also owns and operates a pest control blog, RiddaBugs.com. He spent years working in the trades and tests a wide range of tools and home improvement products.

Additional research provided by Glenda Taylor.

The post The Best Fireproof Document Bags to Keep Papers Safe, Tested appeared first on Bob Vila.

The winter storm Cora is about to bring freezing temperatures, even snow, to parts of the of the south—to many homes that aren’t typically built or prepared for these weather extremes. A low-pressure system developing over the southern High Plains, combined with an arctic air mass colliding with moisture from the Gulf of Mexico, is setting the stage for Cora, the South’s first significant storm of 2025. Texas could see up to 10 inches of snow, while other Southern states like, Kentucky, Tennessee, northern Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina will see a mix of snow, sleet, and freezing rain.

Sleet, snow, and freezing rain have already started to hit the Southern Plains, and icy roads will make travel hazardous. Cora will spread northeast Thursday and Friday, stretching into Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Alabama. From there, the storm will continue its push north and east, potentially affecting the mid-Atlantic and even the Great Lakes. 

The biggest threat from Cora may be freezing rain, which can make driving treacherous and lead to downed power lines and outages. Avoid driving on icy roads and stay home if at all possible. 

With 19 southern and midwestern states under winter storm warnings and watches, it’s important to be prepared. The following products will help you keep your home and family safe during Cora and other winter storms. Our test team has reviewed and approved each of these products.

• Pipe Insulation: Check to see if there are any exposed pipes in colder parts of the house—like a crawl space or attic—and wrap with foam pipe insulation.
• Generator: If the electricity goes out, you’ll need a generator powerful enough to run essential appliances and a space heater, such as the Westinghouse WGen9500DF Dual-Fuel Generator, which runs on either gasoline or propane. 
• Ice Melt: Slick steps and sidewalks are a recipe for disastrous falls, so stock up now on an eco-friendly, pet-safe ice melt product like Natural Rapport Ice Melt. 
• Flashlights: Having one or more strong flashlights is essential–we like the Streamlight 880-40 ProTac for its long-lasting rechargeable battery and bright illumination. 
• Portable Power Station: To stay in touch with the outside world during an outage, keep a power station like the Goal Zero Yeti Power Station on hand for charging cellphones, tablets, lights, and other essential devices.  
• Propane Heater: If you lose power and you don’t have a generator, you’ll need an alternate way to stay warm. Our top pick is the Mr. Heater Propane Heater, which won’t generate toxic fumes when used indoors. Read our in-depth review of the Mr. Heater.

With the proper preparations and products, you can confidently face winter storm Cora or anything else Mother Nature sends your way. 

The post Winter Storm Cora Is Set To Dump Up to 10 Inches of Snow—Stay Safe with These Essentials appeared first on Bob Vila.

Your home is the one place where you can feel calm and comfortable, but if you are sneezing and coughing every time you walk through your front door, it can quickly become more frustrating than ever. If this is the case, you might be dealing with house allergies. 

Millions of people suffer from symptoms caused by indoor allergens, according to the American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. This may include rhinitis symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy throat, and watery eyes; asthma symptoms like coughing and wheezing; or hives and rashes. 

A number of household irritants could cause allergy symptoms, so it’s important to figure out exactly what is triggering these reactions. Besides removing the specific allergen from your house, using a reputable air purifier—like this highly rated option available at Amazon, the top pick in our guide to the best air purifiers—can help minimize the effects of some of the most common household allergens.

Mold

Mold growing in your house can produce airborne spores that trigger an allergic reaction, including a runny nose, nasal congestion, wheezing, itchy eyes or throat, coughing and sneezing, headaches, and a skin rash. Indoor mold typically grows in damp areas such as basements, bathrooms, kitchens, and anywhere water is found. 

Check for visual signs of mold and the musty or earthy odor typically accompanying mold. Be sure to test for mold if you aren’t sure of the indoor source. If you spot mold, wear a mask and try to get rid of it immediately with water, detergent, and 5 percent bleach. It is also a good idea to hire a professional to have it removed safely. 

Here are some ways to prevent mold from growing in your home:

• Repair and seal leaking pipes and dripping faucets.
• Use a dehumidifier in the basement and other damp areas. 
• Purchase a humidity monitor to keep an eye on humidity levels.
• Ensure adequate ventilation in all rooms.
• Use exhaust fans and air out your home by opening doors and windows.
• Install a certified filter in the central heating and air conditioning unit in your home.

Plants

Houseplants purify the air and are incredibly uplifting and beneficial to our well-being, but some produce pollen and spores that can cause allergic reactions. Therefore, it’s best for those who are susceptible to limit exposure to plants and flowers inside the home to avoid a runny nose, itchy eyes, and even asthma. Some people even get a rash from handling certain plants.

If you aren’t sure whether houseplants are causing your symptoms, try removing them for a few weeks and see if that helps. Avoid ferns, figs, orchids, palms, and chrysanthemums, as they are the worst plants for people with allergies. Also, stay away from plants with fuzzy leaves (like African violets) since they easily trap allergens in their foliage. 

Instead, choose plants with smooth leaves that you can wipe down or mist regularly to keep dust and pollen at a minimum. Peace lily, Chinese evergreen, Dracaena, and Mother-in-law’s tongue are known to be hypoallergenic and shouldn’t trigger allergic reactions. 

Dust

Microscopic arthropods might be lurking in your house, causing house allergies. These dust mites feed off of tiny flakes of shed human skin and thrive in warm, humid environments. They are often found in carpeting, bedding, draperies, and upholstered furniture. 

About 8 out of 10 people in the United States are exposed to dust mites at any given time, says the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, so dust mites could be the reason for your allergies. 

Here are some ways to prevent dust mites in your house:

• Keep surfaces in your home clean and uncluttered. 
• Vacuum weekly with a model that has a certified asthma and allergy filter.
• Place allergen-proof fabric covers or airtight zippered plastic covers over mattresses and pillows.
• Wash your bedding in hot water and dry in a hot dryer weekly.
• Reduce the amount of carpeting and rugs in your home.
• Use specialized filters on your central air conditioner.
• Keep humidity low by using a dehumidifier or air conditioning. 
• Replace drapes and blinds with roll-down shades or washable curtains.

Chemicals

Another common allergen found in homes stems from all the chemicals we use, such as cleaning supplies, air fresheners, bug spray, soaps, chlorine bleach, polishes, and more. Many of these products contain harmful or irritating chemicals that can trigger headaches, respiratory symptoms, and allergy symptoms like itchy and watery eyes.    

Try these tips to help keep chemicals to a minimum:

• When using any cleaning or household products, keep the room well ventilated by opening windows and doors.
• Avoid spraying any chemicals in the air inside your home. 
• Choose unscented laundry products.
• Use only unscented, nontoxic cleaners at home.
• Avoid products with ammonia, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sulfuric acid, fragrances, and flammable ingredients.
• Never use air fresheners. 
• Use DIY cleaners like vinegar and baking soda instead. 

Pests

Pests roaming throughout your house—such as cockroaches, rodents, and insects—could also be triggering your allergies and asthma. As it turns out, some people are allergic to the proteins found in animal saliva, skin, fur, urine, or droppings. You will be able to tell if you have rodents by their droppings near your food supply or if you hear scurrying in the walls. 

Fruit flies and stink bugs also can trigger allergies. Fruit flies search for food and take bacteria from rotted fruits or spoiled food with them. They can cause respiratory issues and red bumps on the skin from the diseases they carry. Finally, stink bugs produce an odorous chemical that can cause symptoms like a stuffy nose, runny nose, pink eye, or dermatitis.

Take these steps to eliminate pests in your home:

• Seal all areas where pests can enter the home, including crevices, wall cracks, and windows.
• Repair leaky faucets and pipes since cockroaches and other pests come inside for water. 
• Keep food stored in tightly sealed containers. 
• Vacuum and sweep the floor after meals.
• Keep lids on garbage containers. 
• Do not leave dirty dishes or pet bowls out.
• Wipe off kitchen surfaces and cupboards regularly.
• Remove clutter to reduce the number of hiding spots for pests.
• Use bait and traps or hire an exterminator to control the pests in your home.

The post Why Am I Suddenly Allergic to My House? appeared first on Bob Vila.

Nearly half of all home heating fires take place between December and February, according to the National Fire Protection Association. Surprisingly, fireplaces are not causing the heaviest losses. Between 2018 and 2022, space heaters and heating stoves caused 46 percent of the fires but 76 percent of deaths related to home heating.

Since space heaters can be an integral part of an efficient home heating plan, space heater safety is a vital priority this winter to mitigate these fire risks. So how do you avoid a house fire? Know the most common–and costly–mistakes people make with portable heaters, and don’t repeat them in your own home.

1. DON’T crowd your space heater.

Give your space heater a wide berth, particularly around textiles. Space heaters and fabrics of any type are a deadly combo. “Keep your space heater at least 3 to 5 feet away from any fabric items such as furniture, bedding, curtains, rugs or anything flammable,” says Todd Tripp, general contractor and home improvement expert with JustAnswer. In fact, space heater fires are most commonly caused by some sort of fabric, including clothing, upholstered furniture, or even mattresses, that comes in contact with or sits too close to the heater.

2. DON’T place the heater on furniture.

Don’t set your space heater on top of a dresser, table, or other piece of furniture. An accidental bump or a curious cat could knock the heater to the floor, leading to a burn injury or a fire hazard. “Space heaters should not be placed on furniture or countertops, even if your countertop is a flat surface. That placement could pose a variety of risks to your home,” says Mollie Treloar, heating expert at Tractor Supply. The furniture or countertop could also be damaged, especially if the surface is not heat-resistant. “Additionally, elevated surfaces like furniture or countertops often offer more restricted airflow than the floor does, which may lead to overheating,” Treloar adds.

“If you don’t have any hard surface flooring, [place] your heater on a stable, non-flammable surface… [such as] ceramic tiles or a heat resistant mat.”

Mollie Treloar, heating expert at Tractor Supply

3. DON’T put the heater on a carpet or area rug.

Not only must your space heater sit on the floor, but it’s safe only when the floor is a hard surface. Never place a space heater on top of an area rug or carpeting. They tend to trap heat and could ignite if they get warm enough. “Having carpeted floors can make using a space heater tricky, but that doesn’t mean it’s not possible,” Treloar says. “If you don’t have any hard surface flooring, then placing your heater on a stable, non-flammable surface is the best bet for safety. This could be ceramic tiles or a heat resistant mat. Just make sure the surface is bigger than the heater’s base, and set it on a level spot to prevent tipping.”

4. And NEVER run cords under the rug.

It’s a common scenario: You want the space heater close enough to chase away the chill, but the nearest electrical outlet is all the way across the room. You consider running the space heater’s cord underneath an area rug. Don’t do it! Running the cord under the rug introduces the much graver danger of fire. “The rug covering the cord can trap any heat generated by the cord during use and increase risk of overheating and fires,” Treloar says. “The rug fibers can also cause damage to the cord over time and lead to malfunction and spark risk. Also, the cord covered by the rug can pose a major trip hazard to your family and pets as they would not be able to see it while walking.”

5. DON’T use an extension cord.

As with any appliance or device that generates heat, never plug a space heater into an extension cord or a power strip. The high power demand of the space heater can cause the extension cord or power strip to short-circuit or overheat, potentially causing a fire. Instead, always plug your space heater directly into a wall outlet, and don’t plug anything else into the same outlet while the space heater is running.

6. DON’T leave pets or kids in the room unattended.

The pleasant warmth of a space heater is like a magnet for cats, but a curious—or chilly—dog may also be attracted. Though they may want to hang out near the device, never leave pets unattended in any room with a running space heater. Turn the space heater off when you leave the room.

7. DON’T expose the heater to moisture.

It might be tempting to use a space heater to warm up your bathroom while you shower, but resist the urge. “Because of a bathroom’s increased humidity and proximity to water, you have to take extra precautions with your space heater,” Treloar says. “Take care to use a model specifically designed for the bathroom, and make sure you place your heater far enough away from your sink, shower, or bathtub to eliminate the risk of water damage or splashing.” 

8. DON’T run a space heater overnight.

Leaving your space heater running all night long while you sleep is a no-no. “Space heaters need to be respected as a highly flammable appliance,” Tripp says. If the unit overheats, tips over, or short-circuits overnight, a fire could break out while you’re fast asleep. Use the heater to warm up your room before bed, and then switch it off right before you slide between the sheets.

9. DON’T forget to check for certification.

Before buying a space heater, check that it’s been certified. “Space heaters with a UL (Underwriters Laboratory), CSA (Canadian Standards Association), and ETL (Intertek) should only be used,” Tripp says. “Space heaters with one of these certifications have been tested and approved for safety electrically and fire hazards.” Normally, the certification will be indicated on the space heater’s packaging. These organizations perform rigorous tests to ensure that home electronics are as safe as possible.

“Any strange sounds, such as rattling or buzzing, or unusual smells, like burning or electrical odors, are immediate red flags. These could indicate internal damage or potential fire hazards.”

Mollie Treloar, heating expert at Tractor Supply

10. DON’T use a secondhand space heater.

Found a space heater bargain at your local thrift store or neighborhood garage sale? Just walk away. While there are some electronic devices you can get secondhand and use with some safety precautions, space heaters should never be one of them. The certification sticker could be missing or never have existed. The wiring could be frayed, internal parts could be damaged, and it’s nearly impossible to determine how old a space heater is outside of the box. Using old or damaged space heaters is a recipe for disaster.

11. DON’T continue using a space heater when it’s old or damaged.

While just about all of today’s space heaters have multiple safety features, including an auto shut-off if the unit gets too hot, tips over, or runs for too long, that’s not true of space heaters made a decade or more ago. “If it’s over 10 years old, it may lack modern safety features and efficiency,” Treloar says. She says that signs the heating elements are wearing out include taking longer to heat up a room or not heating as effectively as the unit used to. Other reasons to look for a replacement: “Any strange sounds, such as rattling or buzzing, or unusual smells, like burning or electrical odors, are immediate red flags. These could indicate internal damage or potential fire hazards. Also, any signs of physical damage, such as cracks in the casing, frayed cords, or scorch marks. These are clear indicators that the heater is no longer safe to use and should be replaced,” she says.

12. NEVER put the space heater in front of a doorway or egress point. 

Nothing should ever block the doorway of your bedroom or the route you would need to take from your bed to that doorway in an emergency—especially not something that gets scalding hot. To keep you safe from dangerous trips and tumbles, your space heater needs to be positioned at least a couple of feet to the side of any doorway, path, or high-traffic area of your home.

13. DON’T put things on top of your space heater.

You might think the space heater is the perfect spot to dry those snowy mittens, but you’d be dangerously wrong. “Space heaters are designed to heat spaces, not to dry clothing, and using them for this purpose can pose significant safety risks,” Treloar says. “Clothing that is placed too close to a space heater can overheat and potentially catch fire, especially draping clothing over a space heater to dry it faster. Draping can block air vents and cause the heater to overheat, increasing the likelihood of a malfunction or fire.” The same is true for storing items on top of your heater. “Modern space heaters are built with overheating protection safety features, but these are not foolproof and should not be relied upon if the heater is being used inappropriately.”

14. DON’T run propane space heaters without ventilation.

Non-electric space heaters, such as propane space heaters, can release carbon monoxide when in use. To operate these heaters safely, place them in a well-ventilated area or outdoors on a patio. “You should also choose a model equipped with safety features like an oxygen depletion sensor (ODS), which shuts the heater off if oxygen levels fall too low,” Treloar adds. “Finally, when refueling, users should also take care to choose the correct fuel type for their heater and always let the space heater cool before refueling to minimize fire risk.

The post 14 Space Heater Safety Mistakes That Could Burn Down Your House appeared first on Bob Vila.

Beeping or chirping smoke detectors are beyond annoying. Usually, a chirp every 30 to 60 seconds just indicates a low battery. “If it has a 9-volt battery, it needs to be changed,” says Battalion Chief Tom Kane of Philadelphia Firefighters’ and Paramedics’ Union, Local 22. This typically solves the problem for alarms that run entirely on batteries and for those that are hardwired with a battery backup. 

Sometimes, however, the smoke detector continues making the same chirpy sound even after you change the battery. Or, just as maddening, the alarm goes off loudly for no apparent reason. Stay calm and read on for the most likely causes and fixes of a chirping smoke alarm so you can restore peace and keep your home and family protected. 

Reasons Your Smoke Alarm Is Beeping

Three out of five home fire deaths result from fires in properties without working smoke alarms, according to the National Fire Protection Agency. The cause could be an electrical fire, a chimney fire, or a number of other terrifying scenarios. 

It’s no surprise that the agency recommends a functioning smoke detector in every bedroom, outside every sleeping area, and on every floor of a home, including the basement. If a homeowner is experiencing a fire alarm beeping or smoke detector chirping irregularly, start troubleshooting with the following info immediately to avoid risks to your family and fire damage to your home.

1. There’s smoke in your home.

There is a chance that there’s smoke within the home and that it could be setting off the smoke detector. Smoke particles from overcooked popcorn or smoke from the oven could be the cause, or there could be a smoldering fire that is more difficult for a person to detect. 

“If your smoke alarm goes off, you should assume there’s a fire and evacuate the building immediately,” says Kane. “Follow your home fire escape plan and take the following steps.”

1. Alert children.
2. Evacuate by the safest exit or stairway.
3. Don’t use an elevator.
4. Stay close to the floor if it’s smoky.
5. Don’t open doors without feeling them first.
6. Move away from the building once outside.
7. Go to a meeting place.
8. Call the fire department.
9. Don’t return to your home until fire officials say it’s okay.

Even if you don’t see flames, fire can be present. Some that are difficult to locate are typically inside the walls, floors, or ceilings, or start within electrical outlets or devices. 

2. The detector’s batteries may be dead.

A smoke detector should beep or chirp when the battery begins to lose power. This is a safety net of sorts, since it gives the home’s occupants a heads-up that the battery is weak, but still allows the smoke detector to function properly for about 30 days. The units will let you know that they need a battery change long before the device leaves the home unprotected—all the more reason to always have on hand an ample supply of various types of batteries.

However, electronics can do strange things when batteries are weak. An actual alarm activation could be the result of a weak battery tricking or confusing the electronics within the smoke detector, causing it to activate an alarm condition. Replacing the batteries may solve the issue altogether.

3. The smoke detector is retaining a charge from old batteries. 

Components inside a smoke detector may retain a charge, especially if the batteries weren’t fully drained when replaced. This can cause the smoke detector to act strangely, possibly activating the device or causing an intermittent chirp. Retaining a charge is most common in standalone, battery-operated detectors, and the fix is simple:

1. Remove the smoke detector from the base.
2. Open the battery compartment and remove the battery.
3. Press and hold the test button for 30 seconds. 
4. Place the battery back into the device (or replace it if it’s older).
5. Snap the smoke detector back into its base.

4. There’s an issue with the battery housing or connection. 

Making sure the battery is inserted and housed correctly is important to the smoke detector’s functionality. Here are some ways to check that your battery is installed properly. 

On other models, ensure that the unit’s lid is closed and that it is mounted properly when reinserted onto the ceiling.

5. The alarm may need to be replaced.

Ensure that nothing is obstructing the battery’s connection to the terminals. Corrosion or even a small speck of dust, ash, or pollen can prevent proper functioning.

On some units, there’s a small security peg that must be pulled out to open the drawer and remove the battery; this peg must then be pushed back into place once the battery is changed.  

There’s a battery pull tab that must be removed after providing AC power to the alarm for it to operate correctly. 

Some hardwired smoke alarms encase a backup battery in a small drawer. When replacing a battery, make sure that it fits exactly within the slot in the small drawer, and make sure that the drawer closes completely.

The smoke detector itself, and not its battery, might require replacement to stop smoke alarm warnings. “Check the date of the smoke detector. If it is more than 10 years old, it may need to be replaced,” says Kane. “The National Fire Protection Association recommends replacing smoke detectors every 10 years, including hard-wired alarms.” However, he says that some models may last as little as 5 years. 

“All smoke detectors have an expiration date, and you should replace them sooner if they don’t respond properly when tested,” says Kane. Check the manufacture date on the back of the device and add 5 or 10 years to calculate the expiration date.

6. Temperature fluctuations may be impairing the device’s function.

Another common culprit behind smoke detector beeping is a sharp variation in temperature or humidity in the home. A variety of reasons may be to blame. A smoke alarm in an unheated area of the house (an attic, for instance) can become too cold to reliably deliver an electrical charge during an abrupt decline in temperature.  

Other causes may be hot, moist air released from the bathroom after a steamy shower or heat (not smoke) from cooking in the kitchen oven. To avoid these false alarms, reposition smoke alarms that are in close proximity to the kitchen or bathroom door, or direct hot air away from alarm vents with an exhaust fan.

7. Airborne particles may be interrupting the detector’s light beam. 

The small light sensor housed within certain types of smoke detectors can be quite sensitive. That means something as innocuous as a bit of ash, pollen, or dust—blown in through an open window, perhaps—can interrupt the light beam and set off beeping. Consider cleaning the smoke detector using a dry microfiber cloth, a can of compressed air, or your vacuum, following the manufacturer’s instructions.

On the other hand, rather than being blocked by particles, the light sensor might receive too much intense sunlight, if the smoke detector is mounted on a wall in front of east- or west-facing windows, for example. The sensor may have trouble distinguishing between smoke and the intense light.

8.  If you have a smart alarm, it may have overloaded from saved errors. 

Some modern hardwired smoke detectors are smart smoke detectors that adapt to their environment. The trouble is, these advanced models tend to save errors to the processor, and when too many errors add up, they can trigger the alarm. All this means is that the system needs a restart; doing so will delete saved errors and start the device with a clean slate.

9. Your hardwired detector may need a reset.

If your hardwired smoke detector doesn’t respond to the suggestions above, visit the electrical panel. Like any hardwired electrical device or system, smoke detectors should be on electrical breakers to prevent damage or unsafe conditions. The issue is that finding the right breaker isn’t always so easy.

In most cases, a fire alarm system will not be on its own circuit. Local fire codes often require the smoke detectors to share a lighting or outlet circuit to prevent owners from shutting them off or not realizing the breaker tripped. If the breakers aren’t marked, experiment by flipping lighting circuits until the smoke detector lights dim or all of the units begin to chirp.

Note: It may be difficult to find the appropriate breaker, since hardwired systems have battery backups. A pen tester may be necessary. 

Once found, toggle the breaker into the off position, wait several minutes, then toggle it again to restore power. If the alarm does not resume its beeping, you’ve most likely solved the problem by resetting the device. To confirm, push and hold (for a few seconds or as long as recommended in the manufacturer’s instructions) the test button on the face of the detector. If the alarm sounds a few times and then goes silent, it’s back to working order.

10. If you have a hardwired smoke detector, the power may have surged.

In most cases, a power surge won’t cause a smoke detector problem, at least in terms of the circuit. However, it’s not outside of the realm of possibility that the surge could activate or damage the individual devices.

In these cases, it can be difficult to locate the damaged devices, as one device will typically activate the entire circuit. Start by locating the breaker and shutting it down. Allow the system to rest for a few minutes before flipping the breaker on. If the problem persists, it may be necessary to make a device-by-device search to locate the issue.

Here’s how to test individual hardwired devices:

1. Shut the breaker and remove the device from its base.
2. If accessible, remove the battery backup.
3. Use a screwdriver to remove the wires on the back of the device.
4. Twist the wire ends of like colors (black to black, red to red) together. Small wire nuts will help.
5. Reactivate the breaker.

If the system stops alarming with that device removed, it’s the culprit. If not, shut the breaker, install the smoke detector once more, and move to the next smoke detector. Don’t forget about those less noticeable and fancy design-inspired smoke detectors—be sure to test them as well. 

11. “Silent” mode may have been accidentally activated.

This may be surprising, but some smoke detectors will actually chirp when they’re in silent mode. There is probably nothing wrong with the device as it is simply reminding a home’s occupants that for the next 15 minutes or so, the device is out of order.

Accidentally activating this mode is less common than it used to be. Older devices often featured separate test and silence buttons, so accidentally pressing the silence button during testing was extremely common. Modern models have all-in-one buttons that prevent smoke alarm beeping from the silent mode setting.

Generally speaking, the device will stop chirping after 15 minutes.

How to Stop a Smoke Detector From Beeping

The first thing to do when a smoke alarm sounds is to check that there isn’t smoke in the home. Once you’ve determined that there’s no smoke, it’s important to silence the beep so you can focus on what’s causing the noise and then you can fix the issue. The following steps explain how to stop a fire alarm from beeping:

1. Locate the chirping smoke detector, bearing in mind that it may be challenging to pinpoint the location of the right device. Remember that you might have smoke detectors in the attic, as well as in the home’s living spaces. 
2. Consider that the noise might not be coming from a smoke detector at all. Your carbon monoxide alarm may have gotten unplugged, or an aspect of your home security system may need attention. Trace the sound in case the culprit is an alarm clock going off because its alarm button was unintentionally pulled or pushed during routine house cleaning. 
3. If it is a smoke detector, use a ladder to access it safely.
4. Press the “Test/Silence” button on the front of the detector.

If the smoke detector keeps beeping, it may be necessary to remove the device altogether until you can figure out what is going on. Here’s how to remove it:

1. Firmly grasp the detector and turn it counterclockwise until it snaps loose from the base.
2. Open the battery compartment in the back of the device.
3. Remove the battery.
4. For hardwired devices, use a screwdriver to loosen the screws holding the alarm wires in place and remove them from the device. These are low-voltage lines, but DIYers should still take care not to touch the exposed copper ends together.

Note that this is only a temporary solution. Leaving a smoke detector disabled is unsafe. It’s important to look for a permanent, proper fix for the problem right away, and insert a new battery.

Final Thoughts

Smoke detectors save lives, but only if they are functioning and located in the right places. It’s a good idea to test multiple smoke detectors every time you change your clocks, and clean the devices as well, even if they aren’t chirping. Odds are you’ll sleep more soundly knowing your smoke detectors are in good working order.

FAQs

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